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Saraswati

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Saraswati is one of the most important goddesses in Hinduism.

Mysore Painting
Mysore Painting

She is revered as the goddess of knowledge, education, and learning. Many people also look to her for help with the arts. This includes music, poetry, speech, and language. She is part of a group of three chief goddesses called the Tridevi. This group also includes the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati.

God Vishnu with Goddesses Lakshmi and Sarasvati, Bangladeshi sculpture at the Chicago Art Institute
God Vishnu with Goddesses Lakshmi and Sarasvati, Bangladeshi sculpture at the Chicago Art Institute

Saraswati is a pan-Indian deity. This means she is honored across much of India. She is also respected in the traditions of Jainism and Buddhism.

Her role has changed a lot over many centuries.

Saraswati Third Century AD
Saraswati Third Century AD

In the very old Vedic tradition, she was a river goddess. This period lasted from about 1500 to 500 BCE. Her characteristics were closely tied to the Saraswati River. As a river goddess, she could purify things and help land grow. Later, she became more closely linked to the goddess of speech named Vac. Eventually, these two identities merged into one single goddess. Over time, her connection to the river became less important. Her link to music, culture, and poetry became much stronger.

In classical Hinduism, she is seen as a very creative force.

12th-century Brahma and Saraswati at Shaivism Hindu temple Hoysaleswara arts Halebidu Karnataka India 2 (cropped)
12th-century Brahma and Saraswati at Shaivism Hindu temple Hoysaleswara arts Halebidu Karnataka India 2 (cropped)

She is often linked to the creator god, Brahma. Some believe she is his creation, while others see her as his consort. In this role, she represents his creative power, also called Shakti. She brings a human quality to reality through her power. She is also tied to ideas of clarity and intellectual order. Within the Shaktism tradition, she is a key figure of the Supreme Goddess.

Saraswati is usually shown in a very calm and peaceful way.

1895 CE Saraswati on hamsa सरस्वती हंस painting 2
1895 CE Saraswati on hamsa सरस्वती हंस painting 2

She is often described as a serene woman with white skin. She wears white clothes to represent goodness, or sattva. She typically has four arms to hold special objects. These objects are a book, a rosary, a water pot, and a veena. The veena is a musical instrument.

Devi Soroswoti Sculpture by Sandalwood Murshidabad WB 31 01 2018
Devi Soroswoti Sculpture by Sandalwood Murshidabad WB 31 01 2018

Beside her, you might see a white goose, a swan, or a peacock. These animals are known as her mount.

People celebrate her during the spring festival of Vasant Panchami.

Saraswati puja festival6
Saraswati puja festival6

This is also called Saraswati Puja or Saraswati Jayanti. On this day, students honor her as a patron of education. A common tradition is helping young children learn to write their first letters. You can find Hindu temples for her all over the world. One of the oldest known shrines was Sharada Peeth in Kashmir.

騎龍弁財天-Benzaiten (Goddess of Music and Good Fortune) Seated on a White Dragon MET DP135895
騎龍弁財天-Benzaiten (Goddess of Music and Good Fortune) Seated on a White Dragon MET DP135895

In other lands, she is known by different names, like Benzaiten in Japan.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:Mysore Painting.jpg
Mysore Painting.jpg
File:Saraswati Third Century AD.jpg
Saraswati Third Century AD.jpg
File:Devi Soroswoti Sculpture by Sandalwood Murshidabad WB 31 01 2018.jpg
Devi Soroswoti Sculpture by Sandalwood...
File:Clevelandart 1972.152.jpg
Clevelandart 1972.152.jpg
File:12th-century Brahma and Saraswati at Shaivism Hindu temple Hoysaleswara arts Halebidu Karnataka India 2 (cropped).jpg
12th-century Brahma and Saraswati at...
File:Brahma with consorts.jpeg
Brahma with consorts.jpeg
File:God Vishnu with Goddesses Lakshmi and Sarasvati, Bangladeshi sculpture at the Chicago Art Institute.jpg
God Vishnu with Goddesses Lakshmi and...
File:1895 CE Saraswati on hamsa सरस्वती हंस painting 2.jpg
1895 CE Saraswati on hamsa सरस्वती हंस...
File:Rajamatangi.jpg
Rajamatangi.jpg
File:1150 CE Hoysaleswara temple Halebidu Karnataka, Dancing Saraswati.jpg
1150 CE Hoysaleswara temple Halebidu...
File:DT5248.jpg
DT5248.jpg
File:Saraswati puja festival6.jpg
Saraswati puja festival6.jpg

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