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Thoth

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Thoth was a very important god in ancient Egypt.

Tot, Egyptian God
Tot, Egyptian God

He was a god of many different things. People believed he ruled the moon and wisdom. He was also linked to knowledge and writing. Some thought he invented hieroglyphs, which are picture symbols. He was even connected to science and magic.

The Weighing of the Heart
The Weighing of the Heart

Thoth played a big role in keeping the universe in order. He was the scribe for the gods. This means he wrote down their important words. In the underworld, he helped judge the dead. He would record the results of a scale test. This test weighed a heart against a feather.

Thoth was often shown in different ways.

Thoth as baboo E17496
Thoth as baboo E17496

Most often, he looked like a man with an ibis head. The ibis is a bird with a long, curved beak. This beak looked like a crescent moon to Egyptians. Sometimes, he was shown as a baboon. He might also wear a special moon headdress. He was often seen holding an ankh. The ankh is a symbol for life. These different forms helped show his many powers.

Many stories tell us about Thoth.

Stela showing a male adorer standing before 2 Ibises of Thoth. Limestone, sunken relief. Early 19th Dynasty. From Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
Stela showing a male adorer standing before 2 Ibises of Thoth. Limestone, sunken relief. Early 19th Dynasty. From Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London

One myth says he created the 365-day calendar. The year used to be only 360 days long. Thoth won five extra days by gambling with the moon. He also helped the goddess Isis. He gave her words to help her husband. In other tales, he was a wise counselor. He helped solve problems between other gods.

People built many things to honor him.

Cylinder seal and modern impression king holding two lion griffins at bay and Egyptian hieroglyphs ca. 6th–5th century BC
Cylinder seal and modern impression king holding two lion griffins at bay and Egyptian hieroglyphs ca. 6th–5th century BC

His main temple was in the city of Hermopolis. Many people even buried millions of mummified ibises for him. In 2020, workers found many old graves in Tuna el-Gebel. These graves belonged to high officials of Thoth. They found 20 coffins and many stone sarcophagi there. This shows how much people respected him.

Thoth's ideas reached many other cultures.

Abydos Tempelrelief Sethos I. 19
Abydos Tempelrelief Sethos I. 19

The Greeks thought he was like their god Hermes. They even combined them into one figure. A philosopher named Plato wrote about him too. Plato used a story about Thoth to talk about writing. He wondered if writing helped or hurt memory. Today, Thoth still appears in books and movies. He remains a symbol of great knowledge.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Abydos Tempelrelief Sethos I. 19.JPG
Abydos Tempelrelief Sethos I. 19.JPG
File:Thoth as baboo E17496.jpg
Thoth as baboo E17496.jpg
File:Tot, Egyptian God.svg
Tot, Egyptian God.svg
File:The Weighing of the Heart.svg
The Weighing of the Heart.svg
File:Stela showing a male adorer standing before 2 Ibises of Thoth. Limestone, sunken relief. Early 19th Dynasty. From Egypt. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London.jpg
Stela showing a male adorer standing...
File:Cylinder seal and modern impression king holding two lion griffins at bay and Egyptian hieroglyphs ca. 6th–5th century BC.jpg
Cylinder seal and modern impression king...
File:Thoth writing.svg
Thoth writing.svg
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