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Nordic countries

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Nordic countries are a special group of lands in Northern Europe.

Norden satellite
Norden satellite

This region includes five sovereign states: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. It also contains the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and the Åland region. These places sit near the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. While they are separate nations, they share a very close bond. They have similar ways of life, histories, and social models.

Nordiske flag
Nordiske flag

This connection makes them a unique cultural region.

Many things work together to keep the Nordics close. They use a system called the Nordic model for their economies. This often involves a mixed market and strong labor unions. They also have a welfare sector that helps everyone. This is paid for through high taxes to help people move up in life.

Nordic-Treaty-1962
Nordic-Treaty-1962

The countries cooperate through the Nordic Council. This work began with the Helsinki Treaty in 1962. They work together to keep their high quality of life. This includes doing well in education and civil liberties.

History has shaped how these nations interact today. In the 19th century, a movement tried to unite Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Kalmar Union ca. 1400
Kalmar Union ca. 1400

This was part of a long history of political unions. Eventually, Norway and Sweden ended their union. Finland also gained independence in the early 20th century. Later, Iceland held a referendum in 1944 to change its constitution. These changes led to the organized cooperation we see now. The region has moved from old unions to modern teamwork.

There are many interesting facts about the Nordic lands. In September 2021, the region had over 27 million people.

Norden pop density
Norden pop density

Huge areas are covered by ice and glaciers. About half of the total area is ice, mostly in Greenland.

Share of total area in the Nordic countries in 2012
Share of total area in the Nordic countries in 2012

The people come from different groups. North Germanic peoples make up over three-quarters of the population. The Baltic Finnic peoples are the majority in Finland. Other groups include the Greenlandic Inuit and the Sami people.

Language and religion also play big roles in the region. Many people follow Lutheran Christianity today.

Sessionssalen vid Nordiska Radets session i Oslo 2007
Sessionssalen vid Nordiska Radets session i Oslo 2007

Long ago, the main religion was Norse paganism. The languages are also quite diverse. Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish are very similar to each other. This means people can often understand one another.

Oresundsbron 2009-09-17, Johannes Jansson
Oresundsbron 2009-09-17, Johannes Jansson

Other languages come from the Finno-Ugric and Eskimo-Aleut families. This mix of traditions makes the Nordics very special.

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🖼️ Images & Media (28)
File:Margaret of Denmark, Norway & Sweden (1389) effigy 2010 (2).jpg
Margaret of Denmark, Norway & Sweden...
File:Kalmar Union ca. 1400.svg
Kalmar Union ca. 1400.svg
File:The Prime Ministers of the Nordic Countries in October 2014 (cropped).jpg
The Prime Ministers of the Nordic...
File:Norden satellite.jpg
Norden satellite.jpg
File:Oresundsbron 2009-09-17, Johannes Jansson.jpg
Oresundsbron 2009-09-17, Johannes Jansson.jpg
File:Share of total area in the Nordic countries in 2012.jpg
Share of total area in the Nordic...
File:Territorial waters - Denmark.svg
Territorial waters - Denmark.svg
File:Average temperatures in the capitals of the Nordic countries in 2012.jpg
Average temperatures in the capitals of...
File:Nordic-Treaty-1962.jpg
Nordic-Treaty-1962.jpg
File:Sessionssalen vid Nordiska Radets session i Oslo 2007.jpg
Sessionssalen vid Nordiska Radets session...
File:Social democratic parties in Nordic countries - percentage.jpg
Social democratic parties in Nordic...
File:Vigdis Finnbogadottir (1985).jpg
Vigdis Finnbogadottir (1985).jpg

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