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Nineveh

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Nineveh was a massive city in the ancient Near East. It sat on the eastern bank of the Tigris River. Today, this area is part of Mosul in northern Iraq.

Nineveh map city walls & gates
Nineveh map city walls & gates

For about fifty years, it was the largest city in the whole world. It served as the capital for the powerful Neo-Assyrian Empire. Many people believe it was the wealthiest city of its time.

2018 Ashurbanipal - Nineveh
2018 Ashurbanipal - Nineveh

The city grew slowly over thousands of years. It began as a small farming village as early as 6000 BC.

British Museum Middle east 14022019 Beveled rim bowl Nineveh Late Uruk Period 3672
British Museum Middle east 14022019 Beveled rim bowl Nineveh Late Uruk Period 3672

By 5000 BC, it became an Ubaid village. Later, it was a trade colony during the Uruk period.

Polychrome painted jar, geometric designs and animals, the so-called "Scarlet Ware". From Iraq, Tell Abu Qasim (Arabic تل ابو قاسم), Hamrin Basin, Diyala Valley. 2800-2000 BCE. Iraq Museum
Polychrome painted jar, geometric designs and animals, the so-called "Scarlet Ware". From Iraq, Tell Abu Qasim (Arabic تل ابو قاسم), Hamrin Basin, Diyala Valley. 2800-2000 BCE. Iraq Museum

The city was a special place for early metal work. It was one of the first spots outside of Anatolia to smelt copper.

Many famous leaders shaped the city through their building projects. King Sennacherib made Nineveh a truly grand and influential place. He built new streets and wide squares for the people. He also built the South West Palace, which had at least 80 rooms.

Nineveh north palace king hunting lion
Nineveh north palace king hunting lion

This huge palace used 160 million mud bricks for its foundation. The walls were decorated with many beautiful stone carvings. These carvings showed scenes of life and great battles.

Relief from Nineveh Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin
Relief from Nineveh Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin

The city was famous for its giant stone statues. These were called lamassu, which were winged bulls with human heads.

Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head
Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head

These statues were incredibly heavy and hard to move. Workers had to transport them from quarries at Balatai. They likely used large ramps to lift them into place. Some of these stone carvings show 44 men towing a huge statue.

Nineveh walls east Shamash Gate from rampart
Nineveh walls east Shamash Gate from rampart

The city also had many temples for different gods.

In 612 BC, the city changed forever. A group of people, including the Babylonians and Medes, attacked and captured it.

Fall of nineveh
Fall of nineveh

After this, Nineveh was no longer a major political center. It later became a place for a bishop in the Church of the East. By the 14th century AD, much of the city was abandoned. Today, we find many Assyrian sculptures in museums around the world. You can still visit the ruins at Tell Kuyunjiq and Tell Nabi Yunus.

Views of the archaeological site of Nineveh in modern-day Mosul, currently occupied by squatters 06 (cropped)
Views of the archaeological site of Nineveh in modern-day Mosul, currently occupied by squatters 06 (cropped)
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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:View of the village of Nunia or Ninive, Niebuhr 1778.jpg
View of the village of Nunia or Ninive,...
File:Views of the archaeological site of Nineveh in modern-day Mosul, currently occupied by squatters 06 (cropped).jpg
Views of the archaeological site of...
File:British Museum Middle east 14022019 Beveled rim bowl Nineveh Late Uruk Period 3672.jpg
British Museum Middle east 14022019...
File:Polychrome painted jar, geometric designs and animals, the so-called "Scarlet Ware". From Iraq, Tell Abu Qasim (Arabic تل ابو قاسم), Hamrin Basin, Diyala Valley. 2800-2000 BCE. Iraq Museum.jpg
Polychrome painted jar, geometric designs...
File:Relief from Nineveh Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin.jpg
Relief from Nineveh Vorderasiatisches...
File:Nineveh north palace king hunting lion.jpg
Nineveh north palace king hunting lion.jpg
File:2018 Ashurbanipal - Nineveh.jpg
2018 Ashurbanipal - Nineveh.jpg
File:Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn - The Prophet Jonah before the Walls of Nineveh, c. 1655 - Google Art Project.jpg
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn - The...
File:Nineve.jpg
Nineve.jpg
File:Humvee down after isis attack.jpg
Humvee down after isis attack.jpg
File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG
Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG
File:Nineveh map city walls & gates.JPG
Nineveh map city walls & gates.JPG

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