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Image scanner

technology Maturity 9-11 Next article →

An image scanner is a clever device that looks at things. It can see printed text, handwriting, or even physical objects. The scanner takes these things and turns them into a digital image.

Epson V850 scanner open 20230920
Epson V850 scanner open 20230920

This allows people to save pictures on a computer. Some scanners can even save scans to a USB drive or a memory card.

Logitech ScanMan Color-P4191193-white
Logitech ScanMan Color-P4191193-white

There are a few different ways these machines work. A flatbed scanner uses a glass bed called a platen. You place your paper face-down on this glass.

Epson V850 scanner open 20230920
Epson V850 scanner open 20230920

A sheetfed scanner uses rollers to move paper across a sensor. This is similar to a conveyor belt moving a page.

ScanSnap iX500 029 (8703118513)
ScanSnap iX500 029 (8703118513)

A handheld scanner is a portable version you move yourself.

Logitech ScanMan Color-P4191193-white
Logitech ScanMan Color-P4191193-white

Modern scanners use special parts to sense light. Most use a charge-coupled device, or CCD. This is a type of sensor that captures the image.

Overwiew - Scanner unit CIS Canon MP500 5of5
Overwiew - Scanner unit CIS Canon MP500 5of5

Other models use a contact image sensor, known as a CIS. Older, very high-quality machines were called drum scanners. These used a photomultiplier tube, or PMT, to sense light.

1977 Januar Wuppertal 027
1977 Januar Wuppertal 027

Some people use document cameras to photograph pages. These use high-resolution cameras to take a picture of everything at once.

ET Series Book Scanner
ET Series Book Scanner

This is a very fast way to capture information. It captures the whole page in one single shot.

Scanners grew from much older machines. Before digital scanners, there were fax and wirephoto machines. These were used to send images over long distances.

Card Scanner
Card Scanner

Alexander Bain patented an early fax design in 1843. He was a Scottish clockmaker. His design used a metal stylus and a pendulum.

Card Scanner
Card Scanner

In 1847, Frederick Bakewell made the first working fax machine. It used a revolving drum covered in tinfoil.

1977 Januar Wuppertal 027
1977 Januar Wuppertal 027

Later, Giovanni Caselli made the pantelegraph in 1862. This was the first fax machine used regularly. It used magnetic regulators to keep everything in sync.

Card Scanner
Card Scanner

Elisha Gray made the telautograph in 1893. This was a very successful machine for businesses and hospitals.

Digital imaging changed everything in the middle of the 20th century. In 1920, the Bartlane system was the first digital imaging system.

NBSFirstScanImageRestored
NBSFirstScanImageRestored

It used zinc plates to store images. In 1957, Russell A. Kirsch built a new drum scanner.

NBSFirstScanImageRestored
NBSFirstScanImageRestored

This was the first scanner to store images on a computer. The first image he ever scanned was a photo of his son, Walden.

NBSFirstScanImageRestored
NBSFirstScanImageRestored

The computer he used was called the SEAC mainframe. It could only handle 176 pixels across. Later, the Autokon 8400 was released in 1975.

Autokon 1000DE
Autokon 1000DE

This was the first flatbed scanner for digital processing. It used a laser beam to scan pages.

Scanners have become very helpful for many people. In 1977, Raymond Kurzweil made the Kurzweil Reading Machine.

Autokon 1000DE
Autokon 1000DE

This used a CCD sensor to help blind people read books. It could even turn text into speech.

Autokon 1000DE
Autokon 1000DE

Personal computers started getting their own scanners in the mid-1980s. One was called the ThunderScan for the Macintosh.

HP-Scanjet-IIC 05
HP-Scanjet-IIC 05

It was designed by Andy Hertzfeld in 1984. It fit right into a printer to scan lines of text.

HP-Scanjet-IIC 05
HP-Scanjet-IIC 05

Today, we use these tools every day. They help us move our world into the digital space. They make sharing information very easy and fast.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Epson V850 scanner open 20230920.jpg
Epson V850 scanner open 20230920.jpg
File:NBSFirstScanImageRestored.jpg
NBSFirstScanImageRestored.jpg
File:Autokon 1000DE.jpg
Autokon 1000DE.jpg
File:HP-Scanjet-IIC 05.jpg
HP-Scanjet-IIC 05.jpg
File:ScanSnap iX500 029 (8703118513).jpg
ScanSnap iX500 029 (8703118513).jpg
File:Logitech ScanMan Color-P4191193-white.jpg
Logitech ScanMan Color-P4191193-white.jpg
File:1977 Januar Wuppertal 027.jpg
1977 Januar Wuppertal 027.jpg
File:ET Series Book Scanner.png
ET Series Book Scanner.png
File:Reflecta DigitDia 6000 Slide Scanner (1).jpg
Reflecta DigitDia 6000 Slide Scanner (1).jpg
File:Card Scanner.svg
Card Scanner.svg
File:Overwiew - Scanner unit CIS Canon MP500 5of5.jpg
Overwiew - Scanner unit CIS Canon MP500 5of5.jpg
File:Photoshop goddess version 1.05 (3378276180).jpg
Photoshop goddess version 1.05 (3378276180).jpg

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