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Hiri Motu

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Hiri Motu is a special way of speaking in Papua New Guinea.

It is a simplified version of the Motu language. This language helps people from different groups talk to each other. People call this a lingua franca. It is used near the capital city, Port Moresby. Today, many people use English or Tok Pisin instead. But Hiri Motu still has a place in history.

Learning Hiri Motu involves understanding unique rules. One important rule is how to say "we." There is an "inclusive" way to say it. This means you and the person you are talking to are both included. There is also an "exclusive" way. This means "we" are included, but the listener is not.

The language also uses postpositions. These are words like "in" or "on" that come after a noun. For example, you might say "in the box." You can even use special markers to make sentences very clear.

The history of this language is tied to the sea. Long ago, the Motu people went on trade voyages called Hiri.

They traveled to trade treasures like sago and clay pots. These trips helped create a shared culture along the coast. Later, the language was used by the Royal Papuan Constabulary. This is why some people called it "Police Motu." In the early 1970s, a committee gave it the name Hiri Motu. They wanted the name to honor the old trade traditions.

There are two main ways to speak Hiri Motu. These are called dialects. The first is the "Papuan" or "non-central" dialect. This was used for official books starting around 1964. The second is the "Austronesian" or "central" dialect. This way of speaking is closer to the original Motu language.

Some people thought this dialect was more "correct." The language also has a large number system. It can count all the way up to 100,000. Most people today use the English number system instead.

Hiri Motu connects the past to the present. It shows how trade can bring people together. The Motu people live along the southern coast of Papua New Guinea. They often live in dry areas near the mountains.

Even though fewer young people speak it now, it is still important. It is a link to the great Hiri voyages of the past. Understanding it helps us see how languages change and grow. It is a living piece of history.

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