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Bittern

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Bitterns are special birds in the heron family. They belong to a group called Botaurinae. These birds are different from other herons. They have shorter necks. They are also more secretive. This means they like to hide.

They usually live in marshy areas. These spots often have many reed beds. Bitterns are very important to these wet places. They help keep the balance in nature.

Bitterns have a specific way they move and eat. They find food in the reeds. They eat fish and insects. They also eat reptiles and amphibians.

When they fly, they do something unique. They fly with their necks retracted. This means they pull their necks back. This is not how cranes fly. Cranes stretch their necks out wide. Bitterns, egrets, and pelicans all pull their necks in.

People have studied these birds for a long time. The name "bittern" has a long history. It came into English from the Old French word "butor." This word came from a Gallo-Roman term. That term was a mix of two Latin words. The words were "butio," meaning buzzard, and "taurus," meaning bull.

In Old English, they had different names too. They were called "hæferblæte" and "raredumla."

There are 14 living species of bitterns today. They are split into two groups called genera. The first group is called Botaurus. This group includes the American bittern. It also has the Eurasian bittern. Other members are the South American bittern. You can find the Australasian bittern too. The Little bittern is another member.

Zigzag Heron
Zigzag Heron

There is also a group called Zebrilus. The Zigzag heron belongs to this group. Scientists also found a fossil called Botaurus hibbardi.

Learning about bitterns helps us see how birds change. Scientists once thought the group Ixobrychus was separate. Now they know it is part of Botaurus. This is because the groups are linked.

Zigzag Heron
Zigzag Heron

You can see these links in many birds. Some birds like geese fly with long necks. Bitterns choose a different way to fly. They use their short necks to stay hidden. This helps them live safely in the reeds.

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File:Eurasian Bittern - Torrile - Italy 4528 (15409347121).jpg
Eurasian Bittern - Torrile - Italy 4528...
File:Zigzag Heron.jpg
Zigzag Heron.jpg
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