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Bhagavad Gita

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The Bhagavad Gita is a very important sacred text for many Hindus.

Bhagavad Gita, a 19th century manuscript
Bhagavad Gita, a 19th century manuscript

Its name actually means "song." Some people believe the title means "the song of God" or "the Divine Song." It is a part of a much larger epic poem called the Mahabharata. This poem is known as the longest poem in the world. The Gita is a special part of that long story. It brings together many different Indian religious ideas into one place.

Vintage Hindu God Krishan Gita Birth Litho Print Original Vasudeo Pandya 1932
Vintage Hindu God Krishan Gita Birth Litho Print Original Vasudeo Pandya 1932

The story happens during the Kurukshetra War. It is told as a dialogue between two main people. One is a Pandava prince named Arjuna. His guide is a charioteer named Krishna. Krishna is an avatar, or a special form, of the god Vishnu.

Arjuna and His Charioteer Krishna Confront Karna, crop
Arjuna and His Charioteer Krishna Confront Karna, crop

Arjuna feels very unsure about fighting in the war. Krishna talks to him to help him make a choice. He tells Arjuna to follow his dharma, which means his duty. Krishna says Arjuna should do his work for God through bhakti, or devotion.

A didactic print from the 1960's that uses the Gita scene as a focal point for general religious instruction
A didactic print from the 1960's that uses the Gita scene as a focal point for general religious instruction

Many different ways to find truth are explained in the text. These are called the four yogas. They include meditation, which is known as raja yoga. There is also jnana yoga, which is about insight and intuition. Another way is karma yoga, which focuses on righteous action. The last one is bhakti yoga, which is about loving devotion.

Bhagavad Gita narrative sculpture on a column in the Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal 1885 photo
Bhagavad Gita narrative sculpture on a column in the Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal 1885 photo

These four paths became very well known through the teachings of Swami Vivekananda in the 1890s. Some scholars think the battle is a metaphor for the struggles of human life.

People have different ideas about who wrote the Gita. Many traditions say the sage Vyasa wrote it. A legend says the god Ganesha used his own tusk to write it down. However, many modern scholars believe it was a composite work. This means many different authors likely wrote parts of it over time.

Raja Ravi Varma - Sankaracharya
Raja Ravi Varma - Sankaracharya

The exact date it was written is still a mystery. Some estimates say it was written around the second or first century BCE. Other scholars suggest it might be older or even newer. The dates depend on when different parts of the Mahabharata were made.

The Gita is organized into 18 chapters. It contains about 700 verses in total.

Mass Recitation Of The Bhagavad Gita By One Lakh People - Kolkata 20231224 120132
Mass Recitation Of The Bhagavad Gita By One Lakh People - Kolkata 20231224 120132

While some old manuscripts might have had 745 verses, 700 is the standard number. A thinker named Adi Shankara spoke about the 700 verses in the 8th century. The text is written in a language called Sanskrit. It is a very influential book that people still study and recite today. Many people come together to perform mass recitations of these sacred songs.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:Vasudeva Krishna on a coin of Agathocles of Bactria circa 180 BCE.jpg
Vasudeva Krishna on a coin of Agathocles...
File:Kurukshetra.jpg
Kurukshetra.jpg
File:Bhagavad Gita, a 19th century manuscript.jpg
Bhagavad Gita, a 19th century manuscript.jpg
File:Vintage Hindu God Krishan Gita Birth Litho Print Original Vasudeo Pandya 1932.jpg
Vintage Hindu God Krishan Gita Birth...
File:A didactic print from the 1960's that uses the Gita scene as a focal point for general religious instruction.jpg
A didactic print from the 1960's that...
File:Trinity Detonation T&B.jpg
Trinity Detonation T&B.jpg
File:Mass Recitation Of The Bhagavad Gita By One Lakh People - Kolkata 20231224 120132.jpg
Mass Recitation Of The Bhagavad Gita By...
File:Raja Ravi Varma - Sankaracharya.jpg
Raja Ravi Varma - Sankaracharya.jpg
File:Bhagavad Gita narrative sculpture on a column in the Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal 1885 photo.jpg
Bhagavad Gita narrative sculpture on a...
File:Arjuna and His Charioteer Krishna Confront Karna, crop.jpg
Arjuna and His Charioteer Krishna...
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