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Wife

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A wife is a woman in a marital relationship. This status is defined by a formal union between partners. A woman remains a wife until the marriage is legally dissolved. This can happen through a divorce judgment or the death of a partner. If the partner dies, the woman is called a widow.

Wedding and Engagement Rings 2151px
Wedding and Engagement Rings 2151px

While the term "wife" is common, many people now use the word "spouse." This term is gender-neutral. It describes both partners in a marriage regardless of their sex. This shift helps reflect modern ideas about equality in legal systems.

Marital status is often shown through various social symbols. In Western cultures, a wife might wear a wedding ring. In other cultures, different markers are used to show marriage. A woman might also use specific titles. Many use "Mrs." to indicate they are married. Others prefer "Ms." to indicate status or when it is unknown.

Bride at Nikah
Bride at Nikah

Name changes are also common. In many Anglophone Western cultures, a wife takes her husband's surname. However, this is not a universal rule. Some jurisdictions view this as discriminatory. For example, Greece requires women to keep their birth names for their whole lives.

Terminology changes during the wedding process itself. A woman is called a bride on her wedding day. In some traditions, like Roman Catholic rituals, "bride" refers to a fiancée. This applies until the exchange of matrimonial consent. Once that act occurs, she becomes a wife. The couple is then called newlyweds.

Thai Bride Price 2008
Thai Bride Price 2008

This is different from being a mother. While motherhood relates to children, "wife" refers to the relationship with a spouse. Historically, some women lived in unions that were not legally sanctioned. These women might be called concubines or mistresses. Today, these are often described as partners or cohabitants.

Marriage traditions have deep roots in history. In ancient Rome, the Emperor Augustus introduced the Lex Papia Poppaea. This law rewarded marriage and childbearing. It also set age limits for marriage. Men were expected to marry between twenty-five and sixty. Women were expected to marry between twenty and fifty.

Seuso and his wife at Lake Balaton
Seuso and his wife at Lake Balaton

Noble Roman women sometimes married as young as 12. Laws in that era required brides to be at least 12 years old. Many ancient cultures also used exchanges of goods. A dowry is money or goods brought by the bride's family. A bride price is paid by the husband's family to the bride's family. These exchanges helped establish new families.

Legal rights for wives have changed significantly over time. Historically, many societies gave more rights to husbands. Men often controlled marital property and inheritance. They also often had the right to dictate activities for children.

Percentage of birth to unmarried women, selected countries, 1980 and 2007
Percentage of birth to unmarried women, selected countries, 1980 and 2007

Many countries began changing these laws in the twentieth century. In 1965, women in France gained the right to work without permission. In 1981, Spain abolished the need for a husband's permission to start legal proceedings. Switzerland reached full gender equality in marriage in 1985. These reforms helped ensure that rights and duties are defined without reference to gender.

In some parts of the world, the role of a wife is closely tied to childbearing. In some cultures, there is a strong expectation for a wife to have children. In northern Ghana, for example, the bride price is linked to this expectation. In other places, religious interpretations influence these views. For instance, Pope Francis said in 2015 that choosing not to have children was selfish. However, global trends are shifting. In many countries, children born outside of marriage are becoming more common. Many women now choose whether or not to have children.

Understanding the role of a wife requires looking at many different systems. It involves legal, social, and religious structures. The status of a wife can be terminated by divorce or annulment. An annulment is unique because it is retroactive. This means the marriage is treated as if it never happened. The social status of widows also varies widely. In some cultures, widows face social stigmatization. In others, they may be subject to traditions like widow inheritance. These diverse experiences show how marriage shapes human society.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Kustodiev Merchants Wife.jpg
Kustodiev Merchants Wife.jpg
File:Wedding and Engagement Rings 2151px.jpg
Wedding and Engagement Rings 2151px.jpg
File:Bride at Nikah.jpg
Bride at Nikah.jpg
File:Thai Bride Price 2008.jpg
Thai Bride Price 2008.jpg
File:Percentage of birth to unmarried women, selected countries, 1980 and 2007.png
Percentage of birth to unmarried women,...
File:Seuso and his wife at Lake Balaton.jpg
Seuso and his wife at Lake Balaton.jpg
File:Taikō gosai rakutō yūkan no zu.jpg
Taikō gosai rakutō yūkan no zu.jpg
File:Giovanni Venanzi di Pesaro König Salomons Götzendienst.jpg
Giovanni Venanzi di Pesaro König Salomons...
File:Adulteri.jpg
Adulteri.jpg
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