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Saimaa

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Saimaa is a huge lake in southeastern Finland.

GreaterSaimaa
GreaterSaimaa

It sits within the Finnish Lakeland area. This lake is the largest one in Finland. It is also the fourth largest natural freshwater lake in Europe. The name Saimaa might come from an old language. Some people think it relates to the Sami word sápmi. Many towns sit right on the shores. These include Lappeenranta, Imatra, Savonlinna, Mikkeli, Varkaus, and Joensuu.

The lake looks like a complex maze. It has many islands and narrow water channels. These channels divide the lake into different parts. Each part has its own special name. Some basins are called Orivesi, Puruvesi, or Haukivesi. The southernmost part is often called Greater Saimaa. There are about 14,000 islands in the whole basin.

GreaterSaimaa
GreaterSaimaa

The shoreline is incredibly long. In fact, it has more shoreline per unit of area than anywhere else in the world. The total length is nearly 55,000 kilometres.

Saimaa was formed a long time ago. Glacial melting at the end of the Ice Age created it. About 6,000 years ago, something big happened. The ancient lake was much larger then. Suddenly, the water discharged through a new outlet. This event created thousands of square kilometres of wetlands. After this, many people lived in the area. Later, the land turned back into old boreal conifer forests. This change caused the human population to decline.

Special living things call this lake home.

Pusa hispida saimensis ca 1956
Pusa hispida saimensis ca 1956

The Saimaa ringed seal lives only here. This freshwater seal is an endangered species. The Saimaa salmon is another rare fish found in these waters. The area also has useful natural resources. Long ago, people made asbestos-ceramic pottery here. They used local asbestos deposits for this work. This happened between 1900 BC and 200 AD.

People visit Saimaa for many reasons today. Many people stay in summer cabins near the water. Others enjoy taking lake cruises. The Saimaa Canal is a very important path.

GreaterSaimaa
GreaterSaimaa

It is 43 kilometres long. It connects Saimaa to the Gulf of Finland. This canal has eight locks to move boats. People use these waterways to move wood, metals, and pulp. A writer named Maxim Gorky once lived near the shores. He said the place looked like a fairy tale.

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File:GreaterSaimaa.gif
GreaterSaimaa.gif
File:Pusa hispida saimensis ca 1956.jpg
Pusa hispida saimensis ca 1956.jpg
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