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Reykjavík

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Reykjavík is the capital and largest city of Iceland.

It sits on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay in southwest Iceland. The city is located at 64°08′ N latitude. This position makes it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state.

Reykjavikfromabove
Reykjavikfromabove

As of 2025, the city has a population of approximately 139,000 people. The wider Capital Region holds about 249,000 residents. This means 64% of Iceland's total population lives in this area. The city is known globally as a clean, safe, and environmentally friendly place.

Administrative map of Reykjavík
Administrative map of Reykjavík

The name Reykjavík has Old Norse roots. It is derived from words meaning "smoke" and "bay."

Reykjavik 1860s
Reykjavik 1860s

Historians believe the name refers to steam rising from local hot springs. The original name was Reykjar-vík, using a genitive singular form. The modern name uses the genitive plural form, reykja-. In English, travel guides often call it the "Bay of Smoke." This name originally described both the bay and the farm of Ingólfur Arnarson. After the initial settlement, the estate was called Vík á Seltjarnarnesi for a time. The name Reykjavík was later revived when urban development began.

Legend says the first permanent Norse settlement began around AD 870.

Ingolf by Raadsig
Ingolf by Raadsig

Ingólfur Arnarson arrived from Norway to settle the land. He used a traditional Norse method to choose his site. He cast his high seat pillars into the sea. He promised to settle where the gods brought them ashore. Two slaves searched the coasts for three years. They eventually found the pillars in the bay of Reykjavík. This event is recorded in the Book of Settlement. For 900 years after this, there was no urban development.

The modern city grew from a trading town founded in 1786.

Pg107 Main street of Reykjavik and Governors house
Pg107 Main street of Reykjavik and Governors house

Before this, the site was mostly farmland. In 1752, King Frederik V of Denmark donated the estate to a corporation. A leader named Skúli Magnússon drove this movement. Early industry relied heavily on the wool industry. Other groups, known as the Innréttingar, managed fisheries and sulphur mining. They also worked in agriculture and shipbuilding. In 1786, the Danish Crown abolished monopoly trading. Reykjavík was one of six communities granted an exclusive trading charter. It was the only one to keep this charter permanently.

Reykjavík became central to Icelandic nationalism in the 19th century.

The meeting – house „Góðtemplarahúsið“ on Templarasund,1923-1935
The meeting – house „Góðtemplarahúsið“ on Templarasund,1923-1935

Advocates wanted a strong city to support independence. In 1845, the Alþingi was re-established in Reykjavík. This general assembly had originally formed in 930 AD. Moving the Alþingi to the city helped establish it as the capital. In 1874, the assembly gained limited legislative powers through a new constitution. Home Rule arrived in 1904 with a new Minister for Iceland. Iceland became a sovereign kingdom in 1918. By the 1920s, the city was a hub for the fishing industry. Large cod production fueled the economy during this era.

World War II brought significant changes to the city.

In May 1940, British warships arrived in the harbour. This happened after Germany occupied Denmark and Norway. The Allied occupation of Reykjavík was completed quickly. There was no armed resistance from the local people. During the war, British and later American soldiers occupied the city. The number of foreign soldiers became equal to the local population. This occupation helped the economy by ending Great Depression unemployment. The British built Reykjavík Airport for service in the region. The Americans built Keflavík Airport to the west of the city.

The geography of the area was shaped by the Ice Age.

Reykjavik Esja
Reykjavik Esja

Large glaciers once covered parts of the city. Some hills, such as Öskjuhlíð, were once islands. The land rose after the heavy glaciers melted away. Volcanic activity also shaped the landscape. The hills of Öskjuhlíð and Skólavörðuholt are likely old shield volcanoes. Mount Esja is the highest mountain near the city.

Vesturbær
Vesturbær

The Elliðaá River flows through the city and offers salmon fishing. The city is spread out with many low-density suburbs.

The climate is subpolar oceanic. This means the weather is influenced by the North Atlantic Current. Summers are cool, while winters remain relatively mild for the latitude. However, the city is often windy and very cloudy.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Ingolf by Raadsig.jpg
Ingolf by Raadsig.jpg
File:Reykjavik 1860s.jpg
Reykjavik 1860s.jpg
File:Pg107 Main street of Reykjavik and Governors house.jpg
Pg107 Main street of Reykjavik and...
File:The meeting – house „Góðtemplarahúsið“ on Templarasund,1923-1935.jpg
The meeting – house „Góðtemplarahúsið“ on...
File:Reykjavik view.jpg
Reykjavik view.jpg
File:Reykjavikfromabove.jpg
Reykjavikfromabove.jpg
File:Reykjavik Esja.jpg
Reykjavik Esja.jpg
File:Vesturbær .jpg
Vesturbær .jpg
File:Reykjavik population graph 1889-2016.svg
Reykjavik population graph 1889-2016.svg
File:Administrative map of Reykjavík.png
Administrative map of Reykjavík.png
File:Danish Embassy, Reykjavik.jpg
Danish Embassy, Reykjavik.jpg
File:Eimskip container terminal at Port of Reykjavík.jpg
Eimskip container terminal at Port of...

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