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Reaper

technology Maturity 9-11 Next article →

A reaper is a special tool used to harvest crops. When cereal grasses like wheat are ripe, they must be cut.

Cyrus McCormick's reaper
Cyrus McCormick's reaper

This task is very important for making food. In the past, people did this work by hand. They used tools called sickles or scythes to cut the stalks. After cutting, they gathered the grain into bunches called sheaves. They would lean these bunches against each other to dry. This helped the grain stay safe before it was used.

Mechanical reapers changed how this work happens. A reaper is a machine that helps cut and gather crops.

Fahr-Getreidemähmaschine 2
Fahr-Getreidemähmaschine 2

Most modern reapers cut grass and then pick it up. Some machines also do a job called threshing. Threshing is the way to separate the seeds from the plant. Some very large machines are called combine harvesters. These combines cut, gather, and clean the grain all at once. They can even deliver the grain to a truck.

Many inventors worked to make these machines better in the 1800s. Obed Hussey patented a reaper in 1833 in the United States. His machine was made in Baltimore, Maryland. It was a big improvement because it was very efficient. It only needed two horses and two people to work.

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H0813-0600-035, bei Oranienburg, Roggenfeld wird mit Sense gemäht
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H0813-0600-035, bei Oranienburg, Roggenfeld wird mit Sense gemäht

Cyrus McCormick also created a famous reaper. His father, Robert McCormick, started the design in Virginia. Cyrus finished the project and patented it in 1834.

There were many important details in these early machines. The McCormick reaper had a special reel to hold the grain. It also had a divider to separate the plants. However, Hussey's machine had a better cutter bar. It used a saw-like bar that cut stalks very well.

Cyrus McCormick's reaper
Cyrus McCormick's reaper

For many years, these two designs competed in the market. By 1850, McCormick bought the rights to the better cutter bar. This helped his machine become a huge success. In 1861, a patent office even ruled that Hussey's work was a major foundation for these tools.

These machines helped farming grow very quickly. By the year 1896, people used 400,000 reaper-binders to harvest grain. A reaper-binder is a machine that cuts and ties the grain into bunches. Some machines were even made in Springfield, Ohio. This place was known as "The Champion City" because of its successful machines. Today, we see the results of this history in big modern farms. The large combines we see now are the descendants of these early reapers.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Fahr-Getreidemähmaschine 2.jpg
Fahr-Getreidemähmaschine 2.jpg
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H0813-0600-035, bei Oranienburg, Roggenfeld wird mit Sense gemäht.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H0813-0600-035, bei...
File:Cyrus McCormick's reaper.jpg
Cyrus McCormick's reaper.jpg
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