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Quill

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A quill is a special tool used for writing with ink.

קלף, נוצה ודיו
קלף, נוצה ודיו

It is made from a large bird's flight feather. Most quills come from feathers that a bird has dropped during its annual moult. These feathers are great for pens because the shaft is long and hollow.

Out of ink
Out of ink

Before we had metal pens or ballpoint pens, quills were the main way to write. They allowed people to create beautiful letters on surfaces like parchment or vellum. Even today, some professional scribes use them because they are very flexible. This flexibility helps them make a sharp and unique stroke on the page.

Making a quill is a careful way of working. First, the feather shaft must be cured to make it hard.

Pen and nibs, quill (AM 1965.105-7)
Pen and nibs, quill (AM 1965.105-7)

Next, a person uses a small cutting tool to shape the tip into a nib. The hollow part of the feather is called the calamus. This part acts like a small ink reservoir to hold the liquid. A tiny slit is cut into the nib so ink can flow to the tip. This happens through capillary action, which is how liquid moves through small spaces.

Quill pen tip
Quill pen tip

A well-made quill can be used many times until it becomes too small.

Quills have a very long history in our world. They evolved from the reed pens used in ancient Egypt. From the 6th century to the 19th century, they were the main tools for many kingdoms. However, they were not used in the Islamic world, where people used reed pens instead. Quills eventually became less common after metal pens were invented. In 1822, a man named John Mitchell began making metal pens in large amounts in Great Britain.

The bookkeeper by van Dijk
The bookkeeper by van Dijk

This change helped move writing tools from feathers to mass-produced metal.

Different birds provide different kinds of quills. Goose feathers are the most common choice for writers. If a person wants to write very large letters, they might use expensive swan feathers. For very fine work, like writing in accounting books, crow feathers are very useful.

La Lettera
La Lettera

Each bird only provides about 10 to 12 high-quality quills. Famous documents like the Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence were written with quills. Even U.S. President Thomas Jefferson bred his own geese at Monticello to make sure he had enough feathers for his writing.

Quills are connected to many things you might see today. You can find them used in music to play instruments like the harpsichord. In the Jewish tradition, scribes use quill pens called kulmus to write sacred texts. They even appear on official seals, like those for the United States Census Bureau.

Mynämäki.vaakuna
Mynämäki.vaakuna

If you ever visit the U.S. Supreme Court, you might see twenty goose-quill pens on the tables. Lawyers often take them home as special souvenirs. It is amazing how a simple bird feather can help shape history.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:קלף, נוצה ודיו.jpg
קלף, נוצה ודיו.jpg
File:Out of ink.jpg
Out of ink.jpg
File:Pen and nibs, quill (AM 1965.105-7).jpg
Pen and nibs, quill (AM 1965.105-7).jpg
File:3quills.jpg
3quills.jpg
File:Quill pen tip.jpg
Quill pen tip.jpg
File:Pens, quill (AM 1964.64-3).jpg
Pens, quill (AM 1964.64-3).jpg
File:The bookkeeper by van Dijk.jpg
The bookkeeper by van Dijk.jpg
File:La Lettera.png
La Lettera.png
File:Mynämäki.vaakuna.svg
Mynämäki.vaakuna.svg
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