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Muezzin

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A muezzin is a person who calls Muslims to prayer.

Hermitage Masjid - The Azan (Call to Prayer)
Hermitage Masjid - The Azan (Call to Prayer)

This special call is known as the adhan. It happens five times every day. These times are Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha. The muezzin helps the community stay on a correct schedule.

Jean-Léon Gerôme, The Muezzin
Jean-Léon Gerôme, The Muezzin

This role is very important for the mosque.

Most muezzins are men chosen for their good character. They must also have a beautiful voice. The way they chant the adhan is like an art form. In Turkey, there is even a yearly contest to find the best muezzin.

Jean-Léon Gerôme, The Muezzin
Jean-Léon Gerôme, The Muezzin

A muezzin is not a cleric. He might also clean the areas where people wash for prayer. This washing is called Wuḍu’. When he calls to prayer, he faces the qiblah. This is the direction of the Ka'bah in Makkah.

The history of this job goes back to the time of Muhammad.

Paris, BnF, Supplément Persan 1030 fol. 185v-187r Muhammad receiving instructions for call to prayer from Jibril and Bilal calling to prayer from Kaaba
Paris, BnF, Supplément Persan 1030 fol. 185v-187r Muhammad receiving instructions for call to prayer from Jibril and Bilal calling to prayer from Kaaba

The very first muezzin was Bilal ibn Rabah. He was a loyal companion of the prophet Muhammad. He was born in Mecca. In the past, cities sometimes gave this job to blind men. This was done to protect the privacy of people in their houses. It meant they could not see into private courtyards.

In the fourteenth century, some mosques had another officer. This person was called a muwaqqit.

Hermitage Masjid - The Azan (Call to Prayer)
Hermitage Masjid - The Azan (Call to Prayer)

The muwaqqit used math and astronomy to find prayer times. Some people held both the muezzin and muwaqqit jobs at once. Famous people like ibn al-Shatir were once muezzins. They also worked as muwaqqits. This shows how these two roles could be linked together.

Ways of calling to prayer have changed over time.

Paris, BnF, Supplément Persan 1030 fol. 185v-187r Muhammad receiving instructions for call to prayer from Jibril and Bilal calling to prayer from Kaaba
Paris, BnF, Supplément Persan 1030 fol. 185v-187r Muhammad receiving instructions for call to prayer from Jibril and Bilal calling to prayer from Kaaba

Long ago, a muezzin climbed a tall tower called a minaret. He would call from the top so everyone could hear. Now, many mosques use loudspeakers on the minaret. A muezzin can use a microphone to reach far away. Some places even use recordings or electronic timetables. This makes the job much easier than it used to be.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Paris,_BnF,_Supplément_Persan_1030_fol._185v-187r_Muhammad_receiving_instructions_for_call_to_prayer_from_Jibril_and_Bilal_calling_to_prayer_from_Kaaba.jpg
Paris,_BnF,_Supplément_Persan_1030_fol._18...
File:Hermitage Masjid - The Azan (Call to Prayer).jpg
Hermitage Masjid - The Azan (Call to Prayer).jpg
File:Jean-Léon Gerôme, The Muezzin.jpg
Jean-Léon Gerôme, The Muezzin.jpg
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