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Motown

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Motown is a legendary American record label owned by Universal Music Group.

Motown logo with wordmark
Motown logo with wordmark

It is most famous for creating the "Motown sound." This was a specific style of soul music. It combined soul with a mainstream pop-influenced appeal. Because of this, the music achieved massive crossover success. This means it reached both Black and white audiences. The label played a vital role in the racial integration of popular music. Many people knew its music by the slogan, "The Sound of Young America."

Berry Gordy Jr. built the company through a process of creative self-sufficiency. He wanted to control every part of the music business. He began by working as an independent producer. He often leased his recordings to larger companies for national distribution. To gain more control, he established the publishing firm Jobete in June 1959. This company handled song copyrights. He also purchased a photography studio at 2648 West Grand Boulevard. He converted the main floor into a recording studio and office. This location became the famous Hitsville U.S.A. headquarters.

Hitsville USA
Hitsville USA

Motown operated through several distinct subsidiary labels. These labels allowed the company to explore different musical styles. The Tamla and Motown imprints were the primary labels. Gordy also created a label named after himself, which featured groups like The Temptations. Another subsidiary, V.I.P., released music by the Spinners and the Velvelettes. A fifth label, Soul, featured artists like Gladys Knight & the Pips. Motown even branched into other genres. They had Workshop Jazz for jazz music. They had Mel-o-dy for country music. They also had Rare Earth for blues and progressive rock.

Motown record label
Motown record label

History shows how a small family effort became a global empire. Gordy started with very little capital. In 1959, he borrowed $800 from a family savings account to release a song. He first founded Tamla Records on January 12, 1959. He incorporated the Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960. The name is a portmanteau of "motor" and "town." This was a nickname for Detroit, the center of the American auto industry. The company grew rapidly in Detroit. However, following the Detroit Riots of 1967, Gordy moved the headquarters to Los Angeles. This move coincided with the loss of the Holland–Dozier–Holland songwriting team.

The scale of Motown's success is visible in the numbers.

Tamla record label
Tamla record label

Between 1961 and 1971, Motown produced 110 top ten hits. From 1960 to 1969, 79 Motown songs reached the Billboard Hot 100 top ten. By the end of 1966, the company had over 450 employees. Its gross income reached $20 million that year. By 1988, the label had a net worth of $61 million.

Berry Gordy House Boston Edison Detroit
Berry Gordy House Boston Edison Detroit

These figures highlight how much influence the label held over the music industry.

Many iconic artists defined the Motown era. The Supremes, including Diana Ross, were major stars. The Jackson 5, the Four Tops, and Marvin Gaye also achieved fame through the label. Other legends like Stevie Wonder recorded on the Tamla imprint. The company even provided intense training for its performers. Artists worked with specialists in different areas. Harvey Fuqua led artist development. Maxine Powell taught grooming and poise. Maurice King served as a vocal coach. Cholly Atkins handled choreography. This ensured that Motown artists were polished professionals.

Today, Motown remains a significant part of the global music landscape. Its ownership has changed hands several times. It was bought by MCA Records in 1988. Later, PolyGram and then Universal Music Group acquired it. In 2018, the label was inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame.

Tamla Motown logo variant A
Tamla Motown logo variant A

While the label has moved between Detroit, Los Angeles, and New York City, it continues to sign new talent. Current acts include artists in the hip hop and R&B genres, such as Migos, Lil Baby, and Smino. The legacy of the Motown sound continues to influence modern music.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Motown logo with wordmark.svg
Motown logo with wordmark.svg
File:Hitsville USA.jpg
Hitsville USA.jpg
File:Motown record label.png
Motown record label.png
File:Tamla record label.png
Tamla record label.png
File:Berry Gordy House Boston Edison Detroit.JPG
Berry Gordy House Boston Edison Detroit.JPG
Tamla Motown logo variant A.webp
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