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Kunlun Mountains

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Kunlun Mountains are one of the longest mountain chains in Asia.

Peak in Kunlun range
Peak in Kunlun range

They sit in Western China and form the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. This huge range also sits just south of the Tarim Basin.

Map of Tibet in the 13th century and Central Asian trade routes (cropped)
Map of Tibet in the 13th century and Central Asian trade routes (cropped)

To the south, you would find the sparsely populated Changtang region. The mountains stretch from the Pamirs in Tajikistan all the way to Qinghai province. They are a very long chain, spanning about 3,000 km. This massive landscape helps shape the land around it.

Water plays a big part in this mountain home. Many important rivers flow out from the high peaks. The Karakash River is also called the Black Jade River. The Yurungkash River is known as the White Jade River.

Yarkand River in the Western Kunlun Shan, seen from the Tibet-Xinjiang highway
Yarkand River in the Western Kunlun Shan, seen from the Tibet-Xinjiang highway

These rivers flow through the Khotan Oasis. From there, they move into the Taklamakan Desert. The Bayan Har Mountains act as a divider for water. They sit between the basins of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

These mountains have a very long and mysterious history. In ancient times, they were called the "Forefather of Mountains." Sima Qian wrote that Emperor Wu of Han sent men to find the Yellow River here. The mountains likely began forming during the Late Triassic period. This happened when the Cimmerian Plate collided with Siberia. This movement even helped close the ancient Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Today, the range is very quiet and hard to travel through. Only two roads cross its length. These are Highway 219 and Highway 109.

There are many high points to see in the Kunlun range. The highest peak is the Kunlun Goddess Peak. It reaches a height of 7,167 m in the western part of the range. In the center, you can find the Arka Tagh. This area has peaks like Ulugh Muztagh, which is 6,973 m tall. There is also a special Kunlun Volcanic Group. It is made of over 70 volcanic cones. These cones are very high, even though they are not mountains. The last eruption there was on May 27, 1951.

For many people, the Kunlun Mountains are a place of magic.

TibBahn1
TibBahn1

In Chinese mythology, Kunlun was seen as a paradise for Taoists. Some old stories say it is the center of heaven and earth. It was thought to be a staircase that reaches up to the sky. Legends say the Queen Mother of the West lived in these mountains. Many famous stories, like Chang'e flying to the moon, come from this mythology. To many, the mountains are the birthplace of a whole nation. They remain a symbol of wonder and ancient history.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Map of Tibet in the 13th century and Central Asian trade routes (cropped).jpg
Map of Tibet in the 13th century and...
File:Yarkand River in the Western Kunlun Shan, seen from the Tibet-Xinjiang highway.jpg
Yarkand River in the Western Kunlun Shan,...
File:TibBahn1.jpg
TibBahn1.jpg
File:Peak in Kunlun range.jpg
Peak in Kunlun range.jpg
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