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Knife

technology Maturity 11-13 Vital Level 3 Next article →

A knife is a tool or weapon with a cutting edge.

Knife parts
Knife parts

It is one of the oldest tools used by humans. Evidence shows knives appeared at least 2.5 million years ago.

Stone Knife, Nok Museum
Stone Knife, Nok Museum

Early people made them from wood, bone, or stone like flint. Over many centuries, people learned to make better blades. They used copper, bronze, iron, and steel. Today, we also use ceramic and titanium. Knives are important for many different jobs.

Damascus Bowie
Damascus Bowie

Hunters use them, and soldiers use combat knives. Chefs use many kinds to prepare food. Some people even use them for religious ceremonies.

Most knives have a blade and a handle.

Knife parts
Knife parts

The blade has a sharp edge and a point for piercing. The thick part of the blade is called the spine. Some blades have a groove called a fuller to make them lighter. The handle is what you grip to use the tool safely. Many knives have a tang. A tang is a piece of the blade that extends into the handle.

Fixed Blade Full Tang Survival Knife
Fixed Blade Full Tang Survival Knife

A full tang goes the whole length of the handle. This often makes the knife much stronger. Some handles also have a bolster. This is a heavy piece of material that strengthens the knife.

Making a blade is a careful way of working.

Chinese knife factory
Chinese knife factory

Makers use two main methods. Forging means heating a piece of steel and shaping it with a hammer. Stock removal means grinding away metal to find the shape. After shaping, the metal must undergo heat treatment. This involves heating the steel above a critical point. Then, the maker performs quenching to harden the blade. Finally, they use tempering to remove stress and make it tougher. This process ensures the metal is both hard and strong.

Different metals give blades different strengths.

Morakniv Basic 511 Carbon Steel 5
Morakniv Basic 511 Carbon Steel 5

Carbon steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It can be very sharp and stays sharp easily. However, it can rust or stain. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron and chromium. It resists rust very well but is not quite as sharp. Some makers use high carbon stainless steel to get both benefits.

Microtome-knife-profile
Microtome-knife-profile

Other blades use laminated layers of different metals. Damascus steel is a special type of layered metal. It uses pattern welding to create beautiful designs. Even ceramic blades are used because they are hard and do not corrode.

Knives come in two main styles.

Swiss army knife open 20050612 (cropped)
Swiss army knife open 20050612 (cropped)

Fixed-blade knives have a blade that stays in one place. They are often stronger because they have no moving parts. Folding knives connect the blade to the handle with a pivot. This lets the blade tuck inside the handle for safety.

Folding knife locking mechanisms
Folding knife locking mechanisms

Most folding knives use a locking mechanism. This keeps the blade from closing on your hand while you work. Some use a simple spring, while others use a metal latch. You might recognize a Swiss Army knife or a pocketknife. These tools show how many ways a simple idea can work.

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🖼️ Images & Media (25)
File:Damascus Bowie.jpg
Damascus Bowie.jpg
File:Knife parts.jpg
Knife parts.jpg
File:Fixed Blade Full Tang Survival Knife.png
Fixed Blade Full Tang Survival Knife.png
File:Morakniv Basic 511 Carbon Steel 5.jpg
Morakniv Basic 511 Carbon Steel 5.jpg
File:Chinese knife factory.jpg
Chinese knife factory.jpg
File:Microtome-knife-profile.svg
Microtome-knife-profile.svg
File:CKc Pen Knife.jpg
CKc Pen Knife.jpg
File:Swiss army knife open 20050612 (cropped).jpg
Swiss army knife open 20050612 (cropped).jpg
File:BM-AxisLock.jpg
BM-AxisLock.jpg
File:Folding knife locking mechanisms.svg
Folding knife locking mechanisms.svg
File:OTF knife GM08.jpg
OTF knife GM08.jpg
File:Складной нож Минск цена 85 коп 1980-е годы ф5.JPG
Складной нож Минск цена 85 коп 1980-е годы ф5.JPG

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