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Axe

technology Maturity 11-13 Next article →

An axe is a very old tool used to shape or split wood.

Felling axe
Felling axe

It is also used to harvest timber or as a weapon. Most axes have two main parts working together. The head has a sharp blade called a bit. This bit is attached to a long handle called a haft.

Axt zum spalten1
Axt zum spalten1

Because they are so useful, axes have been part of human life for a very long time.

An axe works as a simple machine called a wedge. A wedge is a shape with two sloped sides. When the blade hits the wood, it concentrates pressure at the edge. This pressure helps the blade cut and split the wood into two parts.

Axt zum spalten1
Axt zum spalten1

The handle also acts as a lever. A lever helps the user increase their force at the cutting edge. This way of working makes the hard job of chopping wood much easier.

Humans have used axes for millions of years. The very first axes were stone hand axes without handles. These date back as far as 1.5 million years.

13th Cent. BC Unique Shang Hafted Axe with Jade (Nephrite) Blade
13th Cent. BC Unique Shang Hafted Axe with Jade (Nephrite) Blade

Later, people began making hafted axes with handles. Northern Indigenous Australians used handled axes at least 46,000 years ago. Early people used stone heads and attached them to wooden handles using birch-tar or rawhide.

13th Cent. BC Unique Shang Hafted Axe with Jade (Nephrite) Blade
13th Cent. BC Unique Shang Hafted Axe with Jade (Nephrite) Blade

As people learned to work with new metals, axes changed too. They moved from stone to copper and bronze.

Kokerbijl van het Plainseautype in brons, 925 tot 800 VC, vindplaats- Maaseik, Heppeneert, Wayerveld, collectie Gallo-Romeins Museum Tongeren, He 1
Kokerbijl van het Plainseautype in brons, 925 tot 800 VC, vindplaats- Maaseik, Heppeneert, Wayerveld, collectie Gallo-Romeins Museum Tongeren, He 1

Later, people used iron and steel to make even stronger tools. Many modern axes use steel heads with handles made of wood. Some new handles are made of plastic or fiberglass. There are many types, like the small hatchet or the heavy broadaxe.

Carpenter's axe
Carpenter's axe

Axes are linked to many parts of human culture. Some axes were used in religious ceremonies, like the double axe in Minoan Crete.

Shang Bronze Yue 2
Shang Bronze Yue 2

In some stories, people believed stone axes could protect buildings from lightning. Others used axes in rural sports like wood-chopping.

Jack of Clubs Throwing Axe
Jack of Clubs Throwing Axe

Even today, you can see axes on official symbols, like the coat of arms of Norway. From ancient stone tools to modern steel, the axe remains a vital part of our world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Felling axe.jpg
Felling axe.jpg
File:Kokerbijl van het Plainseautype in brons, 925 tot 800 VC, vindplaats- Maaseik, Heppeneert, Wayerveld, collectie Gallo-Romeins Museum Tongeren, He 1.jpg
Kokerbijl van het Plainseautype in brons,...
File:ALB - Hortfund Groß Gaglow.jpg
ALB - Hortfund Groß Gaglow.jpg
File:Brescia Monte pietà romani1 by Stefano Bolognini.JPG
Brescia Monte pietà romani1 by Stefano...
File:Shang Bronze Yue 2.jpg
Shang Bronze Yue 2.jpg
File:13th Cent. BC Unique Shang Hafted Axe with Jade (Nephrite) Blade.jpg
13th Cent. BC Unique Shang Hafted Axe...
File:Old axes.jpg
Old axes.jpg
File:Coat of arms of Tórshavn.svg
Coat of arms of Tórshavn.svg
File:Kalvola.vaakuna.svg
Kalvola.vaakuna.svg
File:Axt zum spalten1.jpg
Axt zum spalten1.jpg
File:Carpenter's axe.jpg
Carpenter's axe.jpg
File:Jack of Clubs Throwing Axe.jpg
Jack of Clubs Throwing Axe.jpg
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