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Gunship

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A gunship is a military aircraft with very heavy weapons. These planes are built to attack targets on the ground or at sea.

An AC-47 from Topeka, Kansas, conducts a gunship legacy flight during AirVenture Oshkosh 2021(cropped)
An AC-47 from Topeka, Kansas, conducts a gunship legacy flight during AirVenture Oshkosh 2021(cropped)

Most modern gunships use a special way to fly. Instead of flying straight past a target, they fly in a circle. This is called a pylon turn, which is a banking turn.

AC-130H Spectre banking turn
AC-130H Spectre banking turn

The guns are mounted on one side of the plane. They are aimed at the center of the circle. This allows the plane to stay over one spot for a long time. It can keep attacking the same area without moving away.

This way of flying works because of how the guns are aimed. The weapons point at the bottom of an imaginary cone. The plane and the ground form the edges of this cone.

As the plane circles, the guns stay pointed at the target. This makes the attack very steady. In the Vietnam War, the Douglas AC-47 Spooky showed how well this worked. It used three miniguns to circle a target. These guns could fire 50 or 100 rounds every single second.

An AC-47 from Topeka, Kansas, conducts a gunship legacy flight during AirVenture Oshkosh 2021(cropped)
An AC-47 from Topeka, Kansas, conducts a gunship legacy flight during AirVenture Oshkosh 2021(cropped)

It could cover a football field-sized area in less than 10 seconds.

The idea of a gunship is actually quite old. The name started in the mid-19th century. Back then, it was another name for a gunboat. It also described ironclad steamships used during the American Civil War.

B25 Mitchell - Chino Airshow 2014 (14033501440)
B25 Mitchell - Chino Airshow 2014 (14033501440)

During World War II, many different planes were changed into gunships. The United States used the B-25 Mitchell for attacks. One version of the B-25J had eighteen machine guns. That was more than any other American plane at that time. The British also used the de Havilland Mosquito for similar jobs.

Many different types of aircraft have been used as gunships. The Lockheed AC-130 is a famous modern example. It uses many different weapons like the M61 Vulcan rotary cannon.

Fairchild AU-23A Peacemaker in flight
Fairchild AU-23A Peacemaker in flight

Other planes like the Fairchild AC-119 Shadow were also used. Some smaller designs were made to be easy to fly. The United States made the AU-23 Peacemaker for this reason. Even today, countries like Italy use the C-27J Spartan as a gunship. Other nations in the Middle East use smaller planes like the AC-235. These planes use rockets, missiles, and bombs to reach their targets.

Not all gunships have wings like a normal airplane. Some are helicopters, which are often called helicopter gunships.

UH-1B Iroquois Vietnam
UH-1B Iroquois Vietnam

These can use rockets, machine guns, and missiles too. The Soviet Mil Mi-24 is a very large and strong helicopter. It was made in the 1970s and is used by over 30 nations.

3368 Czech Republic Air Force Mil Mi-24V Hind E ILA Berlin 2016 02 (cropped)
3368 Czech Republic Air Force Mil Mi-24V Hind E ILA Berlin 2016 02 (cropped)

Its cockpit is made of titanium to protect the crew. It is even strong enough to withstand hits from a 20 mm cannon. This shows how much technology goes into making these machines work.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:AC-130H Spectre banking turn.jpg
AC-130H Spectre banking turn.jpg
File:B25 Mitchell - Chino Airshow 2014 (14033501440).jpg
B25 Mitchell - Chino Airshow 2014...
File:An AC-47 from Topeka, Kansas, conducts a gunship legacy flight during AirVenture Oshkosh 2021(cropped).jpg
An AC-47 from Topeka, Kansas, conducts a...
AC-130 Side-Firing Aircraft Basic Combat...
File:3368 Czech Republic Air Force Mil Mi-24V Hind E ILA Berlin 2016 02 (cropped).jpg
3368 Czech Republic Air Force Mil Mi-24V...
File:Fairchild AU-23A Peacemaker in flight.jpg
Fairchild AU-23A Peacemaker in flight.jpg
File:UH-1B Iroquois Vietnam.jpg
UH-1B Iroquois Vietnam.jpg
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