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Gnome

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Gnomes are mythical creatures often described as small spirits.

Olaus(1555)-Hist septentrionalibus-p210-demons-in-mines
Olaus(1555)-Hist septentrionalibus-p210-demons-in-mines

A thinker named Paracelsus introduced them in the 16th century. He called them earth elementals. He believed they were about 18 inches tall.

Wieliczka-color
Wieliczka-color

These beings could move through solid earth easily. To a gnome, the ground is like air. They can walk through rocks and walls. Even so, they eat and talk like humans. This makes them different from regular spirits.

Long ago, German miners told many legends about mine spirits.

CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend
CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend

These spirits were often called "mountain manikins." Georg Agricola wrote about them in 1530 and 1549. He was a supervisor of mines. He described them as laughing pranksters. Sometimes they would throw pebbles at the miners. However, they could also be very helpful. They might reward workers by leaving rich silver ore.

Lichttaler 1587, CNG
Lichttaler 1587, CNG

This silver was very valuable to the people.

Some stories connect these spirits to the metal cobalt. In the 16th century, miners used a special name for unwanted ore. They thought the ore was a trick by a spirit named Kobel. This name is very similar to the word kobold. The ore was hard to work with back then. It was often called cobalt-zinc ore. Some people think it might have been smaltite instead. This ore was dangerous to the feet of miners. It was seen as a mischief made by spirits.

There are many different names for these underground beings. Paracelsus used the name "gnomi" in his books. He published his work in Nysa in 1566. He also called them "mountain people." In German, they were called "Bergmännlein." This name means "mountain manikin." Some people also thought they were like dwarfs. Agricola said they looked like old people. They often wore leather aprons and laced shirts. They looked just like the miners themselves.

Today, we see gnomes in a very different way. Many people use them to decorate their yards.

Wieliczka-color
Wieliczka-color

These are called garden gnomes. They became very popular during the 20th century. They started as lawn ornaments in the 1800s. We no longer think they live in mines. Instead, they are part of fun stories and art. It is interesting to see how an old legend changed. What was once a mine spirit is now a garden friend.

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File:Olaus(1555)-Hist septentrionalibus-p210-demons-in-mines.jpg
Olaus(1555)-Hist...
File:Lichttaler 1587, CNG.jpg
Lichttaler 1587, CNG.jpg
File:CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend.jpg
CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend.jpg
File:Wieliczka-color.jpg
Wieliczka-color.jpg
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