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Gnome

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A gnome is a mythological creature and a small spirit.

Olaus(1555)-Hist septentrionalibus-p210-demons-in-mines
Olaus(1555)-Hist septentrionalibus-p210-demons-in-mines

This concept was introduced by the thinker Paracelsus in the 16th century. He classified gnomes as earth elementals. These beings are typically described as small humanoids. They are believed to live underground. In modern times, many fantasy authors use gnomes in their stories. They have become a staple of imaginative literature and art.

Paracelsus described a very specific way that gnomes move. He claimed the earth is like "chaos" to them. This means the ground does not act as a barrier. Gnomes can move through solid earth as easily as humans move through air. They can walk through solid walls, rocks, and stones.

CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend
CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend

Despite this spiritual ability, they are not purely ghosts. Paracelsus noted that gnomes eat, drink, and talk like humans. This distinguishes them from other types of spirits.

There are several different names and types of these beings. Paracelsus used the Latin term "gnomi." He also used German terms like "Bergmännlein," which means "mountain manikin."

Wieliczka-color
Wieliczka-color

In German traditions, these are often called "Bergmännchen" or "mountain people." Some legends describe more ferocious versions called "mountain-devils." Others describe milder, amicable demons. Agricola also noted beings called "kobel," which are synonyms for the mountain manikins. These names help us see how different cultures viewed the same idea.

The history of the gnome is tied to German mining legends. Georg Agricola was a mine supervisor who wrote about these spirits. He published work in 1530 and 1549. He recorded that miners believed in these subterranean beings.

Lichttaler 1587, CNG
Lichttaler 1587, CNG

These spirits were often seen as laughing pranksters. They might throw pebbles at miners to tease them. However, they could also be helpful. A gnome might reward a miner by depositing a rich vein of silver ore. This shows how the spirits represented both the luck and the danger of mining.

Different scholars disagreed on the exact size of a gnome. Paracelsus claimed they were about two spans tall. A span is a unit of measurement. This makes them approximately 18 inches in height. However, Agricola recorded them as being three spans tall. This would make them about 27 inches tall.

Wieliczka-color
Wieliczka-color

They were also described as having the appearance of old age. They often dressed in clothing similar to miners, such as leather aprons and laced shirts.

One surprising connection exists between these legends and chemistry. The name of the element cobalt comes from these mining stories. In the 16th century, German miners found an unwanted ore. They called it "kobalt" or "cobalt-zinc ore." They believed this nuisance was caused by the mischief of a spirit named Kobel.

Lichttaler 1587, CNG
Lichttaler 1587, CNG

This ore was difficult to smelt with the technology of that time. Some scientists believe the ore might actually be smaltite or cobaltite. Regardless, the name of the metal remains tied to the idea of a trickster spirit.

Today, the concept of the gnome has moved from the mines to the garden. In the 19th century, people began making lawn ornaments shaped like gnomes. These became very popular as garden gnomes during the 20th century.

Wieliczka-color
Wieliczka-color

This shows how a complex idea from Renaissance magic can change over time. What began as a serious study of elementals and mining demons has become a common decoration. The gnome has traveled from the deep, dark earth into the bright, open garden.

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File:Lichttaler 1587, CNG.jpg
Lichttaler 1587, CNG.jpg
File:CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend.jpg
CarlSpitzwegGnomEisenbahnbetrachtend.jpg
File:Wieliczka-color.jpg
Wieliczka-color.jpg
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