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Earth pigment

earth science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Earth pigments are natural colors found in the ground. These minerals have been used for art since prehistoric times. They are very important for making paint. Many colors come from these minerals. You can find red, brown, and even blue colors in the Earth.

AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia
AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia

Artists love them because they are not expensive. They also have lightfastness, which means they do not fade in the light.

Making these pigments is a careful way of working. First, people mine the minerals from the ground. Next, they grind the mineral into a very fine powder. If it is not already clay, it must be crushed. Then, they wash the powder to remove parts that dissolve in water. After that, they dry the powder. Finally, they grind it into powder one more time.

AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia
AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia

Some colors can change when they are heated. This is a process called calcination, or "burning." It is used for colors like sienna and umber. This step does not use oxygen to change the color. Instead, it uses heat to cause dehydration. Dehydration means the heat takes water out of the mineral. This makes the color look much deeper.

AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia
AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia

There are many different types of earth pigments. Reddish-brown ochres, siennas, and umbers are primary types. These contain iron oxides or manganese oxides. Other pigments include green earth and white chalk. You can even find blue ochre made from vivianite. Black colors can come from charcoal.

AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia
AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia

These minerals come in many different names and shades.

These pigments are very strong and last a long time. Some cave paintings made with sienna still survive today. This shows how well the color stays on a surface. In oil painting, these pigments have a fast drying time. They are a link to the very first artists in history. The Earth provides these colors for us to use.

AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia
AboriginalOchrePitCentralAustralia
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