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Craiova

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Craiova is a major urban center in southwestern Romania.

Romania location map
Romania location map

It serves as the capital of Dolj County and the most important city in the Oltenia region. The city is situated near the east bank of the Jiu River. It sits at roughly equal distances from the Southern Carpathians to the north and the Danube River to the south. As the seventh largest city in Romania, it functions as a vital commercial and political hub. The city also administers eight surrounding villages, including Făcăi, Mofleni, and Rovine.

Craiova - Buzești Brothers Street (28123412063)
Craiova - Buzești Brothers Street (28123412063)

The climate in Craiova is classified as humid continental (Dfa). This classification means the region experiences long, hot summers. The winters are occasionally cold but usually too mild for permanent snow cover. Residents may encounter fog about 64 days per year, which occurs more often in winter. The area also sees about 34 days of thunder and one day of hail annually. These weather patterns shape the local environment and the rhythm of daily life in Oltenia.

Craiova - Lipscani Street (28456496140)
Craiova - Lipscani Street (28456496140)

Craiova has a long history tied to ancient civilizations. The site originally occupied the location of the Dacian and Roman city known as Pelendava. In later centuries, the city was a seat of power for the Craiovești family. These powerful nobles were the highest-ranking boyars in the Wallachian state. They even held the right to mint coins stamped with their own effigies. This practice is the origin of the Romanian word "ban" used for coins. The etymology of the name Craiova remains a mystery. It may come from the Old Slavonic word "kral," meaning king, or "krajina," meaning border.

The city has survived many historical challenges and transformations. It endured an earthquake in 1790 and a plague in 1795. A Turkish assault in 1802 resulted in the city being burned. During the Habsburg occupation of Oltenia from 1718 to 1739, Craiova's status declined due to economic pressures. However, the city saw a resurgence in the early 19th century. In 1832, the city featured 595 shops, including 398 houses built of brick. At that time, Craiova exported wheat, furs, leather, and live animals to the Austrian and Ottoman Empires.

Palatul Constantin Mihail, (azi Muzeul de Artă) vedere centrală
Palatul Constantin Mihail, (azi Muzeul de Artă) vedere centrală

Industrial and technological progress defined Craiova in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. On October 26, 1896, the city launched its power station. This facility used AEG equipment to provide electricity via internal combustion engines. It was the first city in Romania to receive power this way. The network supplied 365 streetlights across 39 streets, covering a 30 km distance. By 1900, Craiova contained 43.1% of all industrial units in Oltenia. This included 924 industrial companies, with 20 of them being large establishments.

Universitatea din Craiova
Universitatea din Craiova

During the mid-20th century, the city underwent significant industrial expansion. Under the Communist regime in the 1960s, Craiova became a center for automotive and engine building. It also developed sectors for aerospace manufacturing, chemicals, and electrical engineering. To support a growing workforce, the city began building large housing estates. These included Brazda lui Novac and Siloz-Valea Roșie in the late 1960s. Other estates like Rovine and 1 Mai were added in the 1980s.

Today, Craiova remains a significant economic force in Romania. Following the 1989 Revolution, the economy shifted toward a free market and decentralization. While some industries underwent privatization, manufacturing still represents about 70% of the city's total output. As of 2021, the city has a population of 234,140 inhabitants.

Primaria Craiova 2
Primaria Craiova 2

Visitors can explore landmarks like the Madona Dudu Church or the beautiful Nicolae Romanescu Park. The park features a famous suspended bridge that connects two hilltops.

The suspended bridge, in Nicolae Romanescu Park, Craiova, Romania
The suspended bridge, in Nicolae Romanescu Park, Craiova, Romania

The city continues to blend its deep historical roots with modern industrial life.

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