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Clarence Campbell

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Clarence Sutherland Campbell was a significant figure in professional ice hockey. He served as a referee, a soldier, and a high-level executive. Most notably, he was the third president of the National Hockey League (NHL). He held this leadership position for thirty-one years, from 1946 to 1977. His career spanned many eras of the sport, including major expansions and periods of intense social tension. Because of his long service, he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966.

Lt. Col. Clarence S. Campbell grave at the National Field of Honour
Lt. Col. Clarence S. Campbell grave at the National Field of Honour

Campbell's journey in hockey began on the ice as an official. He worked as an NHL referee from 1933 until 1939. During this time, he officiated several historic and difficult moments. In 1937, he was on the ice when Howie Morenz suffered a broken leg. This injury ended Morenz's career and eventually led to his death. Campbell also faced physical challenges while refereeing. During a playoff game between the Montreal Maroons and the Boston Bruins, a player named Dit Clapper struck him. Campbell had used a profane name toward the player, which led to the physical confrontation.

His early officiating career also included controversial disciplinary decisions. In 1939, he called only a minor penalty for a player named Red Horner. This occurred even though Horner was bleeding after being struck with a stick. Toronto Maple Leafs owner Conn Smythe was so unhappy that he demanded Campbell not be rehired. The league agreed, and Campbell's time as a referee ended. However, the NHL president at the time, Frank Calder, had been preparing Campbell for a different role. Calder intended for Campbell to work in his office as a successor.

World War II interrupted Campbell's path to the presidency. He enlisted in the Canadian Army and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1945, he received the Order of the British Empire for his military service. After the war, he worked with the No. 1 Canadian War Graves Investigation Unit. He also served as a King's Counsel and worked as a prosecutor. He assisted in the legal trials of Nazi leaders accused of crimes against humanity. While some reported he participated in the Nuremberg Trials, Campbell stated in 1974 that this was not true.

Campbell returned to Canada and officially became the NHL president in 1946. This happened after Red Dutton resigned from the position. Campbell was a very dedicated leader who often worked 18 hours every day. He was known for strict enforcement of league rules. In 1948, he expelled players Billy Taylor and Don Gallinger for betting on hockey games. He also managed the league through the massive 1967 expansion. This event was a major milestone that doubled the size of the NHL.

One of the most difficult periods of his presidency was the Richard Riot in 1955. This unrest followed Campbell's decision to suspend Montreal Canadiens star Maurice "Rocket" Richard. Richard had been involved in a fight with Hal Laycoe and a linesman named Cliff Thompson. When Campbell attended a game at the Montreal Forum on March 17, the atmosphere was extremely tense. Fans pelted him with debris and viewed him as an oppressor of the French-Canadian majority. A tear gas bomb was released in the arena, and the building had to be evacuated. The resulting riot led to 60 arrests and $500,000 in damages.

Despite these challenges, Campbell's influence on the sport remained deep. The NHL honored him by creating the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl. This trophy is awarded to the champion of a playoff conference. In 1974, the league even named one of its conferences the Clarence Campbell Conference. Although that name changed to the Western Conference in 1993, the bowl remains a prestigious prize. Campbell retired in 1977 due to illness. He died on June 24, 1984, and was buried at the National Field of Honour in Quebec.

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