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Ashura

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Ashura is a significant day of remembrance in Islam. It occurs every year on the tenth day of Muharram. This is the first month of the Islamic calendar. The word Ashura comes from an Aramaic word meaning "tenth."

Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)
Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)

Because different groups have different histories, they observe this day in very different ways. For some, it is a time of joy. For others, it is a time of deep sadness.

In Sunni Islam, many people see Ashura as a day of thanks. They believe several important events happened on this day long ago. For example, they believe Moses parted the Red Sea to save the Israelites. Some traditions say Noah left the Ark on this day. Other stories say Joseph was released from prison or that Jonah was freed from a fish.

Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)
Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)

To celebrate, many Sunnis choose to fast. Some communities also hold festivals with carnivals, bonfires, and special dishes.

For Shia Muslims, Ashura is a day of mourning. They remember Husayn ibn Ali, who was the grandson of the prophet Muhammad. In the year 680 CE, Husayn and his small group of followers fought in the Battle of Karbala. They were fighting against the army of the Umayyad caliph, Yazid ibn Mu'awiya. Husayn was killed during this battle in the desert land of Karbala.

Tehran Ashura Demonstration, 11 December 1978 (12)
Tehran Ashura Demonstration, 11 December 1978 (12)

This event is a very important part of Shia identity.

Shia Muslims use many rituals to show their grief. They hold large processions through the streets of major cities. People often gather in special buildings to hear stories of the battle. Some people perform dramatic plays called ta'ziya to act out the history.

Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)
Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)

Some mourners strike their chests to share in the pain of Husayn. While some people use extreme methods of self-harm, many religious leaders have condemned or outlawed these practices.

History shows how these traditions changed over time. Fasting on Ashura was once a practice that the prophet Muhammad adopted in Medina. Over time, the Islamic and Jewish calendars began to move apart. This changed when the fast became optional rather than a requirement.

Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)
Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (136)

Today, Ashura remains a powerful day. It connects people to their faith, their history, and their community through memory.

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