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Angel

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An angel is a spiritual, heavenly, or supernatural entity.

Bernhard Plockhorst - Schutzengel
Bernhard Plockhorst - Schutzengel

In many religious traditions, they are seen as messengers or intermediaries. They act as a bridge between the transcendent realm of God and the profane realm of humanity. This role is vital in revelation-based belief systems. These systems emphasize a large gap between the divine and mankind. Angels are required to bridge that gap.

Angel of the Annunciation MET DP167921
Angel of the Annunciation MET DP167921

In other monistic belief systems, this gap does not exist. In those cases, angelic beings might simply be aids for reaching the divine.

In Western belief systems, the term often distinguishes between different types of beings. It separates benevolent, or kind, beings from malevolent, or harmful, beings.

GuidoReni MichaelDefeatsSatan
GuidoReni MichaelDefeatsSatan

Many Abrahamic religions describe complex angelic hierarchies. These are organized systems of different ranks and kinds. Some angels hold specific ranks, such as a seraph or an archangel. Many angels are known by individual names, such as Gabriel or Michael. Some beings are believed to be fallen angels. These are malevolent angels who were expelled from heaven. In many religions, the devil is identified with these fallen beings.

Historically, the concept of angels has changed alongside ideas about God. In polytheistic or animistic worldviews, many supernatural powers were assigned to natural phenomena. These included deities, spirits, and daemons. Within a monotheistic framework, these powers were reconsidered. They became seen as servants of a single supreme deity. This meant they were under the control of one God.

Some prominent angels, like Michael, reflect connections to the ancient Semitic deity El. Even "bad" angels like Iblis can be seen as forces within human nature.

The history of these ideas shows significant shifts in early Hebrew scripture. Initially, the term for angel was not used for supernatural agents. Instead, the Hebrew deity intervened directly in human affairs, often through punishment. As later prophetic writings emerged, God was seen as more distant and merciful. Angels began to replace direct divine intervention. This change may have been influenced by Zoroastrianism. In Zoroastrianism, the Devil fights against holy entities called Amesha Spenta. This introduced the idea of angels as embodiments of good.

فرشته بر روی طاق بزرگ، طاق بستان - panoramio
فرشته بر روی طاق بزرگ، طاق بستان - panoramio

Zoroastrianism offers unique figures that relate to the concept of angels. The Amesha Spenta are emanations of the god Ahura Mazda. They are often compared to angels, though they are not quite the same. Additionally, Zoroastrians have the Fravashi, which are often compared to guardian angels. These Fravashi can appear as individualized warriors in a celestial army. They descend from heaven to aid those who summon them against demons.

Tobias and the Angel - Filippino Lippi
Tobias and the Angel - Filippino Lippi

This shows how different cultures develop specific roles for spiritual helpers.

In Judaism, angels are understood through the interpretation of the Tanakh. They are supernatural beings who stand by God in heaven. However, they are strictly subordinate to Him.

In some Jewish traditions, angels are considered inferior to humans. This is because they are believed to have no will of their own. They can only carry out a single divine command. In the Hebrew Bible, terms like "sons of God" or "the holy ones" refer to these beings. The book of Daniel is a notable source for individual names like Gabriel and Michael.

Language and art provide more ways to understand these entities. The word "angel" comes from the Greek word "angelos," meaning messenger.

Blake - angel of revelation
Blake - angel of revelation

In art, angels are frequently identified by specific symbols. These include bird-like wings and halos of divine light. They are usually depicted as humans of extraordinary beauty. However, they are not always portrayed this way. Sometimes, they are shown as being frightening or even inhuman. This variety in depiction reflects the many different ways humans have imagined the supernatural through the ages.

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🖼️ Images & Media (22)
File:Angel of the Annunciation MET DP167921.jpg
Angel of the Annunciation MET DP167921.jpg
File:Bernhard Plockhorst - Schutzengel.jpg
Bernhard Plockhorst - Schutzengel.jpg
File:GuidoReni MichaelDefeatsSatan.jpg
GuidoReni MichaelDefeatsSatan.jpg
File:The Wounded Angel - Hugo Simberg.jpg
The Wounded Angel - Hugo Simberg.jpg
File:El, the Canaanite creator deity, Megiddo, Stratum VII, Late Bronze II, 1400-1200 BC, bronze with gold leaf - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago - DSC07734.JPG
El, the Canaanite creator deity, Megiddo,...
File:فرشته بر روی طاق بزرگ، طاق بستان - panoramio.jpg
فرشته بر روی طاق بزرگ، طاق بستان - panoramio.jpg
File:Tobias and the Angel - Filippino Lippi.jpg
Tobias and the Angel - Filippino Lippi.jpg
File:Carracci, Lodovico—Abraham And The Three Angels—Q114073475.jpg
Carracci, Lodovico—Abraham And The Three...
File:Da Forli - Music-Making Angel.jpg
Da Forli - Music-Making Angel.jpg
File:Blake - angel of revelation.jpg
Blake - angel of revelation.jpg
File:PL Wwa, kos Franciszka - konfesjonal, Nowe Miasto, 2023.04.08, fot Ivonna Nowicka (2)corr.jpg
PL Wwa, kos Franciszka - konfesjonal,...
File:Ангел - Angel.jpg
Ангел - Angel.jpg

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