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Fallen angel

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The term "fallen angel" describes celestial beings who were expelled from heaven. While the specific phrase does not appear in many Abrahamic religious texts, it is used to explain the concept of angels cast out of the divine court. These beings are often depicted as having corrupted humanity. They might do this by teaching forbidden knowledge or by tempting people into sin. Many stories suggest their expulsion was caused by pride, envy, lust, or an attempt to usurp divinity.

Alexandre Cabanel - Fallen Angel
Alexandre Cabanel - Fallen Angel

The origins of this concept may reach back to ancient Canaanite beliefs. In these traditions, the *bənē hāʾĔlōhīm*, or "sons of God," were part of a heavenly court. One figure, Hêlêl ben Šāḥar, was reportedly thrown down from heaven. He did this because he claimed to be equal to the god ʻElyōn.

P. Chester Beatty XII, leaf 3, verso
P. Chester Beatty XII, leaf 3, verso

These early motifs later influenced the Hebrew Bible and various Jewish apocalyptic writings. Some scholars believe these traditions existed even before the written texts of the Canaanite period.

During the Second Temple period, between 530 BC and 70 AD, the idea of fallen angels became more detailed. Pseudepigraphic texts like the Book of Enoch, the Book of Jubilees, and the Qumran Book of Giants expanded these narratives. In the Book of Enoch, these beings are called "Watchers." The text states they became enamored with human women.

"The Fallen Angels" by Albano IMG 3886
"The Fallen Angels" by Albano IMG 3886

This union resulted in the birth of the Nephilim, who were described as monstrous offspring. Some accounts suggest God sent a Great Deluge to purge the world of these creatures. While their bodies were destroyed, their souls were said to survive as demons roaming the earth.

Different ancient texts offer various details about these celestial rebels. In 1 Enoch, the angel Azazel is a prominent figure. He is accused of introducing men to forbidden arts and sorcery. As punishment, the archangel Raphael was sent to chain Azazel in the desert of Dudael.

El Ángel Caído (Ricardo Bellver) 03
El Ángel Caído (Ricardo Bellver) 03

The Second Book of Enoch provides another perspective. It describes Enoch traveling through the layers of heaven. In the fifth heaven, he encounters the *Grigori*, or rebellious angels, who remain in grief. This text also mentions a leader called Satanail, rather than the names used in other Enochian books.

Christian theology has developed specific ways to understand these beings. Many traditions identify fallen angels with those led by Lucifer in rebellion against God. These beings are often equated with demons. In Christian thought, these sins are believed to have occurred before human history began. This framework views evil as a corruption of goodness rather than an independent principle.

Paradise Lost 12
Paradise Lost 12

Western Christian philosophy has even used the fall of angels as a thought experiment. Philosophers use it to explore how evil will can arise from within a rational mind without external influence.

Islam also contains motifs that resemble the stories of fallen angels. However, interpretations among Muslim scholars can vary. Some exegetes believe Satan, or Iblis, was an angel. The scholar Ibn Abbas suggested Iblis was an angel created from fire. In contrast, Hasan of Basra believed Iblis was the progenitor of the jinn.

The Quran also mentions Harut and Marut, a pair of angels said to have fallen to earth due to negative remarks about humanity.

FallenAngelsHarutandMarut
FallenAngelsHarutandMarut

These themes have left a lasting mark on global culture and art. Famous literary works like Dante Alighieri's *Divine Comedy* and John Milton's *Paradise Lost* feature these figures. Artists have also captured the drama of the celestial fall in many paintings and sculptures.

Innichen Pfarrkirche St.Michael 3 - Deckenfresco Engelssturz
Innichen Pfarrkirche St.Michael 3 - Deckenfresco Engelssturz

Whether viewed through a religious or philosophical lens, the concept of the fallen angel continues to help people explore questions of morality, authority, and the nature of evil.

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🖼️ Images & Media (11)
File:El Ángel Caído (Ricardo Bellver) 03.jpg
El Ángel Caído (Ricardo Bellver) 03.jpg
File:P. Chester Beatty XII, leaf 3, verso.jpg
P. Chester Beatty XII, leaf 3, verso.jpg
File:"The Fallen Angels" by Albano IMG 3886.JPG
"The Fallen Angels" by Albano IMG 3886.JPG
File:Detail-Isenheim-Altarpiece-Gruenewald.jpg
Detail-Isenheim-Altarpiece-Gruenewald.jpg
File:Innichen Pfarrkirche St.Michael 3 - Deckenfresco Engelssturz.jpg
Innichen Pfarrkirche St.Michael 3 -...
File:John Martin 002.jpg
John Martin 002.jpg
File:Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel.jpg
Alexandre_Cabanel_-_Fallen_Angel.jpg
File:Paris BnF, MS Supplément Persan 332 fol 209r Angels watching Iblis not prostrating.jpg
Paris BnF, MS Supplément Persan 332 fol...
File:Adam honored.jpg
Adam honored.jpg
File:FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg
FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg
File:Paradise_Lost_12.jpg
Paradise_Lost_12.jpg
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