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Cherub

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Cherubim are supernatural beings described in the Abrahamic religions.

Ezekiel-Vision-Merkaba
Ezekiel-Vision-Merkaba

These beings appear in many different roles across various traditions. Some stories describe them as guardians of the Garden of Eden. Other accounts depict them as powerful entities that support or transport a divine throne. Because different faiths have unique perspectives, the nature of a cherub can change significantly depending on the source. They represent a complex intersection of ancient mythology, religious hierarchy, and artistic evolution.

One of the most detailed descriptions comes from the Book of Ezekiel. In his vision, Ezekiel describes "living creatures" or *chayot*.

Cherub on a Neo-Assyrian seal
Cherub on a Neo-Assyrian seal

These beings possess four distinct faces: a human, a lion, an ox, and an eagle. These faces may symbolize the different domains of a divine rule. The human face represents humanity, the lion represents wild animals, the ox represents domestic animals, and the eagle represents birds. The creatures have two pairs of wings that are joined together. Two wings stretch upward, while the other two cover their bodies. Their legs are straight with feet like the hooves of a bull, shining like polished brass.

Cherubim Bate
Cherubim Bate

Ezekiel also notes that glowing coals and lightning move among them.

In the hierarchy of different faiths, the rank of cherubim varies widely. In Jewish tradition, the rank depends on the specific text being studied. The 12th-century scholar Maimonides placed them at the ninth rank, which is the second-lowest. However, in 14th-century Kabbalistic works like *Berit Menuchah*, they hold the third rank. Christian traditions offer a different view. The work *De Coelesti Hierarchia* places cherubim in the highest rank alongside Seraphim and Thrones. In Islam, "the Close" refers to the highest angels near God. This group includes the Bearers of the Throne and the archangels.

The four supporters (angels) of the celestial throne Wellcome L0030654
The four supporters (angels) of the celestial throne Wellcome L0030654

The origins of the word "cherub" are a subject of historical study. Scholars have looked at how the name connects to other ancient languages. Some connect the Hebrew *keruv* to the Assyrian *kirubu*, which refers to a *shedu* or *lamassu*. These were protective spirits. Others, like Salomon Karppe, linked it to the Babylonian *karâbu*, meaning "propitious." Another connection was made to the Assyrian *kâribu*, meaning "blesser." These terms suggest the beings were seen as intercessors who plead with gods on behalf of humans.

Ivory plaque from Megiddo IAA 1938-780
Ivory plaque from Megiddo IAA 1938-780

This linguistic history shows how ideas moved between ancient civilizations.

Artistic depictions of these beings have also changed over time. In the Ancient Near East, mythological hybrids were very common. The Babylonian *lamassu* had the body of a lion or bull and the wings of an eagle.

Astarte's throne
Astarte's throne

This style of winged creature was often used to show a being was a guardian of holy things. In Western Christian tradition, the image shifted toward the *putto*. This concept comes from the classical figure of Cupid. As a result, many people now recognize cherubim as small, plump, winged boys.

There are many debates regarding the exact appearance of these beings. Some scholars argue that the description in Ezekiel might not match the historical Israelites. For example, the description of the *tetramorph*—a four-faced creature—might be different from the cherubim used in other Israelite traditions. In the Hebrew Bible, the word cherub appears 91 times. Many of these references involve gold images of cherubim on the Ark of the Covenant. These images were placed on the "mercy seat," which is the cover of the Ark.

Tissot Moses and Joshua in the Tabernacle
Tissot Moses and Joshua in the Tabernacle

Some interpretations debate whether God "sits upon" the cherubim or "dwells among" them.

Finally, the concept of cherubim connects to broader philosophical questions. While many see them as literal supernatural beings, others view them as symbols. The 12th-century philosopher Maimonides offered a unique perspective. He suggested that "angels" might actually be allusions to the laws of nature. In this view, they represent the invisible forces that make the physical universe operate. Whether viewed as mystical guardians, historical mythological figures, or scientific metaphors, cherubim remain a significant subject of human thought.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Tetramorph meteora.jpg
Tetramorph meteora.jpg
File:Ivory plaque from Megiddo IAA 1938-780.jpg
Ivory plaque from Megiddo IAA 1938-780.jpg
File:Cherubim Bate.jpg
Cherubim Bate.jpg
File:Astarte's throne.jpg
Astarte's throne.jpg
File:Cherub on a Neo-Assyrian seal.jpg
Cherub on a Neo-Assyrian seal.jpg
File:Ezekiel-Vision-Merkaba.jpg
Ezekiel-Vision-Merkaba.jpg
File:Tissot Moses and Joshua in the Tabernacle.jpg
Tissot Moses and Joshua in the Tabernacle.jpg
File:Giovanni bellini, madonna dei cherubini rossi, da s. m. della carità, 1485 ca., 02.JPG
Giovanni bellini, madonna dei cherubini...
File:The four supporters (angels) of the celestial throne Wellcome L0030654.jpg
The four supporters (angels) of the...
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