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Allen Klein

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Allen Klein was a highly influential American businessman in the music industry.

He was known for his aggressive negotiation tactics. These methods changed how record companies compensated recording artists. Klein founded ABKCO Music & Records Incorporated to manage these interests. He worked to increase profits for his musical clients through new contracts. By doing this, he became one of the most powerful people in the music business during his era.

Klein utilized a specific business model known as "buy/sell agreements."

In this system, a company owned by Klein acted as an intermediary. This company stood between the musician and the record label. Klein's company would own the rights to the music itself. It would also handle manufacturing the records and selling them to the label. Finally, the company would pay royalties and cash advances to the artist. This allowed Klein to control the flow of money within the industry.

His early career provided the foundation for these complex financial moves. Klein was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Jewish immigrants. After his mother died, he lived with grandparents and in an orphanage. He served as a clerk typist in the U.S. Army on Governors Island. Following his service, he used the G.I. Bill to study accounting at Upsala College. He graduated in 1957 and worked for a Manhattan accounting firm. Although he was fired from one firm for lateness, he eventually built his own company under the name Allen Klein and Company.

Klein first proved his worth by helping rockabilly singers Buddy Knox and Jimmy Bowen.

He successfully negotiated with Roulette Records to ensure they received owed royalties. This success led him to manage the legendary singer Sam Cooke in 1963. Klein forced RCA Records to open its books for a thorough audit. He then arranged a groundbreaking deal using a holding company called Tracey Ltd. Klein listed himself as the owner of this company instead of Cooke. This arrangement allowed Cooke to receive large cash advances and tax-advantaged stock. However, after Cooke's death in 1964, Klein ended up owning the rights to Cooke's recordings.

His reputation as a tough negotiator grew as he moved into the British music scene. In 1964, he became the American business manager for producer Mickie Most. Klein promised Most a million dollars in new opportunities within one month. He delivered by renegotiating contracts for artists like The Animals and Herman's Hermits. Klein also helped the Rolling Stones significantly during the mid-1960s.

In 1965, he secured a $1.25 million advance from Decca Records for the band. By 1966, he had negotiated deals that guaranteed the Stones $2.6 million. This amount was actually more than the Beatles were earning at that time.

While Klein increased his clients' income, his methods often caused intense conflict. He used a strategy to shelter money from high British taxes. He held client funds in New York banks and paid them out over long periods. This could last up to 20 years. During this time, Klein invested the money and kept the extra profit for himself. The Rolling Stones eventually accused him of withholding royalties and stealing song publishing rights. They also claimed he neglected to pay their taxes for five years. This financial pressure contributed to the band's decision to move to France in 1971.

Klein's legal troubles extended to his dealings with the government. After years of pursuit by the Internal Revenue Service, he faced criminal charges. In 1980, he was sentenced to two months in jail. This was for making a false statement on his 1972 tax return.

His career remains a significant study of the power dynamics in music. He demonstrated how accounting and legal structures can control massive amounts of wealth. His life illustrates the complicated relationship between artistic talent and business management.

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