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Vampire

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A vampire is a mythical creature that lives by feeding on the life essence of others.

VampireE3
VampireE3

Most people today think of them as pale and thin figures. However, old folk stories from Europe described them very differently.

Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google Art Project
Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google Art Project

These older legends often showed vampires as plump or bloated. They were sometimes described as having dark or reddish skin.

Philip Burne-Jones - The Vampire
Philip Burne-Jones - The Vampire

These traits were often linked to the idea of blood being seen in the mouth or nose. They might even be seen wearing the linen shroud from their burial.

Many different ways existed to create or identify these creatures in folklore. In some Slavic and Chinese traditions, an animal jumping over a corpse was a sign.

Vampire skeleton of Sozopol in Sofia PD 2012 06
Vampire skeleton of Sozopol in Sofia PD 2012 06

Some stories say a person could become a vampire if they were a witch. In Albania, certain creatures were thought to be the hybrid children of other monsters. People used special tests to find graves that might hold a vampire.

Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der Todten in Gräbern 002
Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der Todten in Gräbern 002

For example, one test involved leading a boy on a horse through a graveyard. If the horse refused to move, it might mark a specific grave.

To stay safe, people used many items to ward off these beings. These items are often called apotropaics.

Execution of the Vampire by René de Moraine
Execution of the Vampire by René de Moraine

Garlic is a very famous example used to keep them away. Some people also used sacred items like a crucifix or holy water. Other traditions suggest that vampires might be distracted by small things. If a vampire saw a pile of seeds or rice, they might stop to count every grain. This would keep them busy for the entire night.

History shows that these beliefs caused great concern in the 18th century.

Lilith (John Collier painting)
Lilith (John Collier painting)

Reports from Southeastern and Eastern Europe described a mass hysteria. During this time, some people were even accused of being vampires. This led to people digging up bodies to perform rituals. Some believed that the way a body changed after death was proof of vampirism. Scientists later suggested that medical conditions like porphyria might have been linked to these legends.

Dom Augustin Calmet
Dom Augustin Calmet

Today, the vampire has moved from folk belief into popular stories.

Carmilla
Carmilla

The modern, sophisticated vampire began with a book called "The Vampyre" in 1819. Later, Bram Stoker wrote the famous novel "Dracula" in 1897.

This book helped create the vampire genre we know today. Now, we see these characters in many movies, television shows, and video games. They have become a major part of the horror genre in our modern world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Philip Burne-Jones - The Vampire.jpg
Philip Burne-Jones - The Vampire.jpg
File:Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google Art Project.jpg
Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google...
File:Ernst6-thumb.gif
Ernst6-thumb.gif
File:Norre naeraa 600px.jpg
Norre naeraa 600px.jpg
File:Vampire skeleton of Sozopol in Sofia PD 2012 06.JPG
Vampire skeleton of Sozopol in Sofia PD...
File:Lilith (John Collier painting).jpg
Lilith (John Collier painting).jpg
File:Execution of the Vampire by René de Moraine.png
Execution of the Vampire by René de Moraine.png
File:Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der Todten in Gräbern 002.jpg
Tractat von dem Kauen und Schmatzen der...
File:Dom Augustin Calmet.jpeg
Dom Augustin Calmet.jpeg
File:Stilt house, Black Thai - Vietnam Museum of Ethnology - Hanoi, Vietnam - DSC02781.JPG
Stilt house, Black Thai - Vietnam Museum...
File:VampireE3.jpg
VampireE3.jpg
File:The Irish Vampire - Punch (24 October 1885), 199 - BL.jpg
The Irish Vampire - Punch (24 October...

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