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Vaishnavism

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Vaishnavism is one of the largest groups within the Hindu religion.

Its followers are called Vaishnavas or Vaishnavites. They believe that Vishnu is the supreme being, often called Mahavishnu. This belief is very important to hundreds of millions of people. A 2020 estimate from the World Religion Database says there are about 399 million followers. This makes it the largest Hindu sect in the world.

Krishna as the supreme deity in relation to Vishnu
Krishna as the supreme deity in relation to Vishnu

One of the most special ideas in this tradition is the avatar doctrine. An avatar is a different form or incarnation of the supreme God.

Deity Krishna-Vasudeva on a coin of Agathocles of Bactria 190-180 BCE
Deity Krishna-Vasudeva on a coin of Agathocles of Bactria 190-180 BCE

Many famous names are seen as these different aspects of Vishnu. These include Rama, Krishna, and the lion-man Narasimha.

6th century Vishnu avatar Narasimha in Cave 3, Badami Hindu cave temple Karnataka 1
6th century Vishnu avatar Narasimha in Cave 3, Badami Hindu cave temple Karnataka 1

Other names include Narayana, Hari, and Kalki. People use these different forms to connect with the one supreme being. This way of thinking helps people understand many different divine qualities.

It is hard to know exactly when Vaishnavism began. It likely grew from many different local traditions that joined together.

Heliodorus pillar
Heliodorus pillar

Some scholars believe it started between the 7th and 4th centuries BCE. At first, people worshipped figures like Vasudeva and Krishna separately. Later, these traditions merged with the worship of the Vedic God Vishnu. This process helped different groups find common ground. Over time, these many paths became the single tradition we see today. It was a long journey of many different ideas coming together.

In South India, the tradition has its own beautiful history.

Devoted poets called the Alvars wrote many songs to show their love. These poets lived around the 12th century and helped the faith grow. They used beautiful poems to express their deep devotion. The collection of their work is called the Naalayira Divya Prabandham. This was compiled by a person named Nathamuni in the 10th century. These songs helped spread the Bhakti movement across the land. This movement focused on showing great love to a god.

Many important books guide the lives of Vaishnavas. They study the Vedas and the Upanishads to learn.

Scuola di bilaspur, vishnu e lakshmi, 1810 ca
Scuola di bilaspur, vishnu e lakshmi, 1810 ca

The Bhagavad Gita is another very famous text. They also read the Bhagavata Purana and the Pancharatra texts. Different schools of thought, called sampradayas, help explain these ideas. For example, Ramanuja led a school in the medieval era. Other thinkers like Madhvacharya and Vallabhacharya also created important schools. These books and teachers keep the ancient traditions alive today.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
Hindu God Vishnu as Narayana witth...
File:Deity Krishna-Vasudeva on a coin of Agathocles of Bactria 190-180 BCE.jpg
Deity Krishna-Vasudeva on a coin of...
File:Heliodorus_pillar_Rapson_rubbing_inverted.jpg
Heliodorus_pillar_Rapson_rubbing_inverted.jpg
File:6th century Vishnu avatar Narasimha in Cave 3, Badami Hindu cave temple Karnataka 1.jpg
6th century Vishnu avatar Narasimha in...
File:The God Vishnu in Three Incarnations. Northern India (Mathura), Gupta period, mid-5th century AD. Boston Museum.jpg
The God Vishnu in Three Incarnations....
File:Indischer Maler um 1660 002.jpg
Indischer Maler um 1660 002.jpg
File:Scuola di bilaspur, vishnu e lakshmi, 1810 ca.jpg
Scuola di bilaspur, vishnu e lakshmi, 1810 ca.jpg
File:Krishna as the supreme deity in relation to Vishnu.png
Krishna as the supreme deity in relation...
File:Delhi-National Museum-Jayadeva worshipping Radha and Krishna-20131006.jpg
Delhi-National Museum-Jayadeva...
File:Shrinika Purohit.jpg
Shrinika Purohit.jpg
File:JivaGoswami.jpg
JivaGoswami.jpg
File:Heliodorus pillar.jpg
Heliodorus pillar.jpg

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