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Uyghurs

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The Uyghurs are a Turkic ethnic group from Central and East Asia.

Uyghur-redhead
Uyghur-redhead

They are a recognized minority group in China. Most Uyghurs live in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

Map of language areas of Xinjiang
Map of language areas of Xinjiang

Many live in the Tarim Basin near the Taklamakan Desert. They often live in oases, which are green areas with water.

Uyghur-hunter-Kashgar
Uyghur-hunter-Kashgar

These oases have historically been home to many different civilizations.

Uyghur culture is shaped by their language and religion. They speak the Uyghur language, which is a Karluk Turkic language.

Map of language areas of Xinjiang
Map of language areas of Xinjiang

This language is related to the Uzbek language. Religion has also changed for the Uyghur people over time. They began to become Muslim starting in the 10th century. By the 16th century, most Uyghurs identified as Muslims.

Khotan-mezquita-d03
Khotan-mezquita-d03

Today, Islam remains a very important part of their identity.

History shows that the name "Uyghur" has changed over time. Long ago, people did not always use this specific name. They might have called themselves by their home oasis.

Uighur princes, Bezeklik, Cave 9, c. 8th-9th century AD, wall painting - Ethnological Museum, Berlin - DSC01747
Uighur princes, Bezeklik, Cave 9, c. 8th-9th century AD, wall painting - Ethnological Museum, Berlin - DSC01747

Some groups used names like "Sarts," which means merchant or trader. The modern use of the name "Uyghur" began in the early 1900s. A conference in the Soviet Union in 1921 helped settle this.

Old World 820
Old World 820

This helped define the group as they are known today.

Uyghur people live in many different places around the world.

While many live in Xinjiang, others live in many other countries. Large groups can be found in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. There is also a community of about 10,000 people in Turkey.

Xinjiang nationalities by prefecture 2000
Xinjiang nationalities by prefecture 2000

Smaller groups live in Canada, the United States, and Australia. This spread of people is called a diaspora.

Since 2014, the Uyghur people have faced very difficult challenges.

Many governments and groups like Human Rights Watch have raised concerns. They say the Chinese government has treated Uyghurs unfairly in Xinjiang. Scholars estimate that at least one million people were held in camps since 2017.

The Chinese government says these camps provide vocational training. They say the camps help prevent terrorism and follow party ideology. Some organizations believe these actions are crimes against humanity.

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🖼️ Images & Media (26)
File:KashgarNaan.jpg
KashgarNaan.jpg
Uyghur blacksmiths - Yengisar Flickr.webm
File:Uyghur tambur.jpg
Uyghur tambur.jpg
File:Pair of Uyghur donors from the Bezeklik Caves.jpg
Pair of Uyghur donors from the Bezeklik Caves.jpg
File:Uyghur-hunter-Kashgar.jpg
Uyghur-hunter-Kashgar.jpg
File:Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png
Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East...
File:Uighur princes, Bezeklik, Cave 9, c. 8th-9th century AD, wall painting - Ethnological Museum, Berlin - DSC01747.JPG
Uighur princes, Bezeklik, Cave 9, c....
File:Conversion of Bögü Qaghan (759-780 CE) to Manicheism in 762 (detailed of Bögü Qaghan in a suit of armour, kneeling to a Manichean high priest).jpg
Conversion of Bögü Qaghan (759-780 CE) to...
File:Old World 820.png
Old World 820.png
File:Chagatai Khanate (1490).png
Chagatai Khanate (1490).png
File:Khojis full-length portrait.jpg
Khojis full-length portrait.jpg
File:Turpan-minarete-emir-d07.jpg
Turpan-minarete-emir-d07.jpg

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