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Tatars

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The Tatars are a group of people who speak Turkic languages. They live across a huge area of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

Татар националь костюмы
Татар националь костюмы

For a long time, the name "Tatar" meant different things to different people. In the past, it might have referred to a large group of tribes called a confederation. Later, these tribes were joined into the Mongol Empire by Genghis Khan.

Northern Yuan and Golden Horde
Northern Yuan and Golden Horde

Map makers in the West used the name "Tartary" for much of Northern and Central Asia. They often mixed this name up with the Mongol Empire. Today, the name usually refers to specific ethnic groups who call themselves Tatars.

There are several different groups of Tatars living in different places. The largest group is the Volga Tatars, who live in the Volga-Ural region of European Russia.

Ареал расселения татар в России. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года
Ареал расселения татар в России. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года

They make up 53% of the people living in Tatarstan. Other important groups include the Crimean Tatars and the Siberian Tatars.

Siberian Tatars
Siberian Tatars

Genetic studies show that these three main groups grew in their own ways. They are likely not related by blood, even though they share a name. Some groups might have been influenced by the culture of the Golden Horde.

Tatars use many different versions of the Tatar language. This language belongs to the Kipchak group of Turkic languages.

Map-Kypchak Language World
Map-Kypchak Language World

Within the Volga Tatars, there are two main dialects called Central and Western. The Central dialect is used for writing and books. The Western dialect is mostly spoken by a group called the Mishärs.

Татар националь костюмы
Татар националь костюмы

Other groups have their own languages too. For example, Crimean Tatar is the native language of the Crimean Tatars. While it is related to the Volga Tatar language, it is quite different.

The history of these people involves many changes over hundreds of years. Long ago, the Volga Bulgars lived in the Volga-Kama region.

White Mosque, Laishevo (2024-02-26) 12
White Mosque, Laishevo (2024-02-26) 12

In the 1200s, the Golden Horde arrived and changed the region forever. This is likely when the name Tatar became linked to this area. Later, the city of Kazan became a very important place.

Carlo Bossoli Khanpalast von Bachcisaraj 1857
Carlo Bossoli Khanpalast von Bachcisaraj 1857

The name Kazan might come from a Tatar word for a cauldron. In 1552, Ivan IV took control of the city of Kazan after a long siege.

Even though they are a distinct group, Tatars have been part of many histories. Many noble families in the Russian Empire had Tatar roots.

Татар националь костюмы
Татар националь костюмы

This shows how deeply they have been woven into the history of the lands they live in. Today, there are an estimated 5.3 million ethnic Tatars living in Russia.

Ареал расселения татар в России. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года
Ареал расселения татар в России. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года

They continue to keep their unique languages and traditions alive. Their story is a big part of the history of both Europe and Asia.

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🖼️ Images & Media (21)
File:Share of Tatars in regions of Russia, 2010 census.png
Share of Tatars in regions of Russia,...
File:Gok turk Epigraph Copy in Gazi University Ankara.jpg
Gok turk Epigraph Copy in Gazi University...
File:Szigetvar 1566.jpg
Szigetvar 1566.jpg
File:Map-Kypchak Language World.png
Map-Kypchak Language World.png
File:Ареал расселения татар в России. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года.png
Ареал расселения татар в России. По...
File:Татар националь костюмы.jpg
Татар националь костюмы.jpg
File:Из мечети.jpg
Из мечети.jpg
File:Northern Yuan and Golden Horde.svg
Northern Yuan and Golden Horde.svg
File:White Mosque, Laishevo (2024-02-26) 12.jpg
White Mosque, Laishevo (2024-02-26) 12.jpg
File:Lemke Skirmish with Polish Tatars.png
Lemke Skirmish with Polish Tatars.png
File:Tatar attack Warsaw 1656 (101795262).jpg
Tatar attack Warsaw 1656 (101795262).jpg
File:Tartares lituaniens (par Richard Knötel).jpg
Tartares lituaniens (par Richard Knötel).jpg

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