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Trapeze

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A trapeze is an aerial apparatus used frequently in circus performances. It consists of a short horizontal bar hung by ropes, metal straps, or chains. These components are suspended from a ceiling support. The name of the device comes from the French word for a trapezium, which is an irregular four-sided figure. This name describes the shape formed by the bar, the ropes, and the support above.

Trapeze Artists in Circus
Trapeze Artists in Circus

Performers use the trapeze to demonstrate incredible strength, grace, and timing. Acts can be performed solo or in groups. These groups might include double or triple trapeze acts. There are many different ways to move on the apparatus. Some acts are static, while others involve spinning, swinging, or flying. Each method requires different physical skills and uses different mechanical principles.

Static trapeze is an act where the bar remains mostly still. The performer moves around the bar and ropes to perform various movements. These include balances, hangs, and drops. The goal of a static act is to make these difficult moves look effortless. Much like a dance, an experienced artist performs these tricks with great style and grace. While many people can perform basic tricks, true mastery requires significant strength.

Swinging trapeze involves a bar that moves in a forward and backward motion. The performer starts from a still position and builds momentum through swinging. Most tricks are executed at the peaks of the swing. These dynamic movements require precise timing to be successful. A trick often begins with the performer sitting or standing on the bar. It may end with the performer catching the bar with their hands or in an ankle hang. To handle these dynamic forces, the bar is often weighted and may contain cables inside the ropes for extra strength.

Flying trapeze is a highly specialized act that utilizes pendulum physics. In this act, a performer known as a "flier" jumps from a high pedestal board. Gravity creates the initial swing. The movement follows a specific sequence of parts. First is the "force out" or "cast out" at the end of the first swing. This is followed by the "hollow," which is a small forward kick to start the beat back. Then comes the "rise," or "seven," as the performer swings above the pedestal. The trick is finally thrown at the end of the second swing.

CJ triple trapeze May
CJ triple trapeze May

During a flying trapeze act, the flier often releases the bar to be caught by another person. This second performer is called the "catcher." The catcher typically hangs by their knees from another trapeze or a cradle. A cradle can be stationary or also swinging. Because of the height and speed involved, flying trapeze is usually performed over a net or sometimes over water. In some teaching settings, smaller rigs might use mats for safety. In the UK, some outdoor centers offer a "leap of faith" activity. This involves jumping from a pole to grab a bar, using a harness and rope for safety.

The history of the trapeze is closely linked to Jules Léotard. He was a young French acrobat and aerialist from Toulouse. He developed the art of trapeze performance in the mid-19th century. It is said he practiced using his father's swimming pool. However, the term "trapeze" appeared in books before he was born. For example, George Roland published "An Introductory Course of Modern Gymnastic Exercises" in 1832. Roland suggested that Colonel Amoros might have originated the device, though he was not certain.

Many specialized variations of the trapeze exist for different artistic needs. Washington trapeze, also called head trapeze, is used for headstand skills. This bar is much heavier than a standard bar and features a small, 4-inch round platform for the head. It is supported by wire cables instead of ropes. Dance trapeze, used in modern aerial dance, is often attached to a single swivel. This allows the apparatus to spin in circles. Other forms include the double trapeze, where two people work together, and the duplex trapeze, which has two layers of bars. This allows acrobats to jump from an upper bar to a lower one.

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