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Carousel

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A carousel is a circular amusement ride that rotates around a central pole.

ManègeLR1
ManègeLR1

It is known by several names depending on where you are in the world. In North America, people often call it a carousel or a merry-go-round. In the United Kingdom, it is frequently called a galloper. These rides are iconic symbols of the global amusement industry.

Most carousels feature rows of animal figures, such as horses, mounted on vertical posts. Many of these mounts move up and down to simulate a galloping motion. Some rides also include chair-like seats, benches, or even non-animal shapes like airplanes and cars.

The mechanics of a carousel have evolved significantly over the centuries. Early versions did not have a solid platform for riders to stand on. Instead, wooden animals hung from chains and swung outward due to centrifugal force.

Letensky kolotoc zvenku 2024
Letensky kolotoc zvenku 2024

These primitive machines were often powered by people cranking a handle or animals walking in a circle. By the mid-19th century, the platform carousel became the standard design. This version features a rotating floor that holds the animals and chariots in place.

Draaimolen Efteling
Draaimolen Efteling

This platform also serves as a guide for the bottom of the mounting poles. It provides a stable area for people to walk or for stationary seats to be placed.

Modern movement in carousels is often the result of complex gear systems. In 1880, the engineer Frederick Savage introduced a major innovation to the ride. He installed gears and offset cranks on the platform.

Carousel
Carousel

This mechanical addition allowed the animals to move up and down as they traveled around the center. Savage also developed the 'platform-slide,' which allowed mounts to swing outward as the ride gained speed. Eventually, the introduction of electric motors and lights gave carousels their classic, bright appearance. This coincided with a time of increased prosperity when more people had money for leisure entertainment.

The history of the carousel is rooted in 17th-century European equestrian tournaments. The name comes from the French word *carrousel*, which means "little battle."

Carrousel-LouisXIV-1662
Carrousel-LouisXIV-1662

These tournaments featured noblemen performing cavalry skill tests, such as ring jousting. One famous event was held by Louis XIV in June 1662 at the Tuileries Palace. To prevent noblemen from overworking their live horses, people created machines with wooden horses. These machines used a spinning wheel mounted on a central pole. By the early 18th century, these devices were common at various fairs in Central Europe.

In the United States, the carousel industry was shaped by many European immigrants. Notable figures include Charles I. D. Looff, Gustav Dentzel, and Allan Herschell. Different regions developed distinct artistic styles for their animal figures. The Coney Island style, pioneered by Looff, featured elaborate saddles with mirrors and faux jewels.

Santa Cruz Looff Carousel 2
Santa Cruz Looff Carousel 2

The Philadelphia style, led by Dentzel, was known for more realistically painted saddles. Finally, the Country Fair style, used by Herschell and others, often featured mounts without any saddles at all. On July 25, 1871, William Schneider received the first American patent for a carousel. This date is now recognized as National Carousel Day.

The materials used to build carousel animals have also changed over time. During the "golden age" from the 1870s to the early 1930s, most figures were hand-carved from wood. These beautiful pieces were meticulously carved and painted by hand. However, during the Great Depression, wood production was phased out. It was replaced by more durable, mass-produced aluminum castings. Later in the 20th century, manufacturers shifted to using cheaper and lighter fiberglass castings.

Reaching for the Brass Ring
Reaching for the Brass Ring

While modern materials are more economical, many people still cherish the historic wooden versions.

Today, many remarkable historic carousels still operate around the world. The Hanau Carousel in Germany is the oldest standing and operational carousel.

Karussell Wilhelmsbad
Karussell Wilhelmsbad

Built in 1780, it features twelve stationary horses and four chariots. Another significant example is the Vermolen Boden-Karussel in the Netherlands, which dates back to 1865. While it was originally turned by real horses, it now uses an electric motor. In the United States, the Flying Horses Carousel in Massachusetts is the oldest platform carousel. These surviving machines allow us to connect with the long history of mechanical entertainment.

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🖼️ Images & Media (33)
File:ManègeLR1.jpg
ManègeLR1.jpg
Merry go round - Tokyo Dome City Oct 15 2021.ogg
File:Carrousel-LouisXIV-1662.jpg
Carrousel-LouisXIV-1662.jpg
File:Carousel.gif
Carousel.gif
File:Karussell Wilhelmsbad.jpg
Karussell Wilhelmsbad.jpg
File:Draaimolen Efteling.jpg
Draaimolen Efteling.jpg
File:Reaching for the Brass Ring.jpg
Reaching for the Brass Ring.jpg
File:RI retouch.JPG
RI retouch.JPG
File:Carousel at Royal Melbourne Zoological Park.jpg
Carousel at Royal Melbourne Zoological Park.jpg
File:Darling Harbour (2177745416).jpg
Darling Harbour (2177745416).jpg
File:La Ronde - Le Galopant.jpg
La Ronde - Le Galopant.jpg
File:Letensky kolotoc zvenku 2024.jpg
Letensky kolotoc zvenku 2024.jpg

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