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Ferris wheel

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A Ferris wheel is a large, rotating, upright amusement ride.

Ain Dubai View
Ain Dubai View

These structures are often called observation wheels because they allow passengers to see the surrounding area from a great height. The ride consists of a massive wheel with passenger-carrying components attached to its rim. These components have many names, including cars, cabins, gondolas, capsules, or pods. While they are used for amusement, they also serve as major landmarks in many cities around the world.

The mechanics of a Ferris wheel rely on careful engineering to keep passengers safe and level. Most common designs use twin-sided support to hold the wheel upright. As the wheel rotates, the passenger cabins must remain upright so people do not tip over. Most wheels achieve this through gravity. The weight of the cabin pulls it toward the Earth, keeping the floor level as the wheel turns.

Singapore flyer capsule inside
Singapore flyer capsule inside

Some modern wheels mount their cars on the outside of the rim. These advanced versions use electric motors to rotate each car independently. This ensures the cabin stays steady regardless of the wheel's position.

There are several different design variations for these wheels. Some use a single, or cantilevered, support structure rather than twin sides. The way the cars are oriented also differs between models. Some rely entirely on gravity, while others use the aforementioned electric motors. These variations allow engineers to build wheels for different environments, from small traveling carnivals to massive permanent installations in urban centers.

While the modern Ferris wheel is named after an American inventor, the concept is much older. Engravings from the 17th century show pleasure wheels in Bulgaria and other regions.

Olearius uvesel
Olearius uvesel

In 1620, travelers described large swings used during festivals in the Ottoman Balkans. In 1848, Antonio Manguino introduced wooden pleasure wheels to the United States in Georgia. Later, William Somers built a fifty-foot wooden wheel in New Jersey.

Somers Wheel (Roundabout) c. 1892
Somers Wheel (Roundabout) c. 1892

Somers even received a U.S. patent for a "Roundabout" in 1891. George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. eventually designed the famous wheel that gave the ride its common name.

Ferris Jr. built his landmark for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

The Ferris Wheel — Official Views Of The World's Columbian Exposition — 91 (cropped)
The Ferris Wheel — Official Views Of The World's Columbian Exposition — 91 (cropped)

He wanted to create a structure that could rival the Eiffel Tower. The original Chicago Ferris Wheel was an immense feat of engineering. It featured a 71-ton axle, which was the largest hollow forging in the world at that time. The wheel had 36 cars, and each car held 40 revolving chairs. This allowed for a total capacity of 2,160 passengers. The wheel carried about 38,000 people every single day.

Some historical Ferris wheels have survived for over a century. The Wiener Riesenrad in Vienna, Austria, was built in 1897.

Wiener Prater Vienna Austria 20476
Wiener Prater Vienna Austria 20476

It was constructed to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Emperor Franz Josef I. Although it burned down in 1944, it was rebuilt the following year. For many years, it was the tallest surviving Ferris wheel in the world. It remains a famous tourist attraction and has appeared in many films.

Wiener Riesenrad DSC02378
Wiener Riesenrad DSC02378

Today, the scale of these wheels has reached incredible heights. The tallest Ferris wheel currently in existence is the Ain Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.

Ain Dubai View
Ain Dubai View

It opened in October 2021 and stands 250 meters tall. Other notable large wheels include the High Roller in Las Vegas and the Singapore Flyer.

Singapore Flyer
Singapore Flyer

These massive structures connect the field of mechanical engineering with the global tourism industry. They transform simple circular motion into a way for people to experience the world from a new perspective.

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🖼️ Images & Media (21)
File:Ain Dubai View.jpg
Ain Dubai View.jpg
File:Olearius uvesel.jpg
Olearius uvesel.jpg
File:ferris ups.jpg
ferris ups.jpg
File:Hora din Dealul Spirei, 1857.jpg
Hora din Dealul Spirei, 1857.jpg
File:Magic City3, Paris, 1913.jpeg
Magic City3, Paris, 1913.jpeg
File:Somers Wheel (Roundabout) c. 1892.jpg
Somers Wheel (Roundabout) c. 1892.jpg
File:The Ferris Wheel — Official Views Of The World's Columbian Exposition — 91 (cropped).jpg
The Ferris Wheel — Official Views Of The...
File:Wiener Prater Vienna Austria 20476.JPG
Wiener Prater Vienna Austria 20476.JPG
File:Wiener Riesenrad DSC02378.JPG
Wiener Riesenrad DSC02378.JPG
File:Great Wheel.jpg
Great Wheel.jpg
File:La grande roue, Paris, France, ca. 1890-1900.jpg
La grande roue, Paris, France, ca. 1890-1900.jpg
File:Aussichtsrad-berlin 03.jpg
Aussichtsrad-berlin 03.jpg

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