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Hoist (device)

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A hoist is a specialized mechanical device designed to lift or lower heavy loads.

Kone EcoDisc
Kone EcoDisc

It functions by utilizing a drum or a lift-wheel. A lifting medium, such as a rope, chain, or wire rope, wraps around this rotating component. When the drum turns, the load moves vertically. Most hoists use a lifting hook to couple with their specific loads.

One of the most common examples of this technology is the elevator. In an elevator system, a hoist mechanism raises and lowers the car to different floors.

In industrial settings, overhead hoists are frequently used. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) defines these as machinery units used for lifting unguided, freely suspended loads.

Trump Hotel Chicago 2007-08-25
Trump Hotel Chicago 2007-08-25

An overhead hoist is defined by three main factors: its lifting medium, its operation, and its suspension. The lifting medium is the component that transmits vertical motion, such as a synthetic strap or a chain. The operation refers to the power source, which can be manual, electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic. Finally, the suspension describes how the unit is mounted, using methods like a trolley, a ceiling, or a wall.

Hoists can be manufactured in two distinct ways: serial production or custom units. Serial production hoists are mass-produced and are generally more cost-effective. These units are typically designed for a ten-year life in light to heavy duty service. Custom hoists are more expensive and are built for heavy or severe duty service classifications. While serial units were once only for light work, their durability has improved since the 1960s. Today, a machine shop might use a serial hoist, but a place like NASA or a steel mill would likely require a custom hoist to meet specific performance needs.

Construction hoists, also known as buckhoists or man-lifts, are essential for large-scale projects.

Builders hoist
Builders hoist

These are used on high-rise buildings and major hospitals to move personnel and materials between floors. There are three specific types: utility hoists for materials, personnel hoists for people, and dual-rated hoists that perform both tasks. These machines consist of one or two cars, called cages, that travel vertically along stacked mast tower sections. To ensure precise control, modern versions often use a motorized rack-and-pinion system to climb the mast at various speeds.

History shows how hoisting technology has evolved alongside power sources.

Agricola1
Agricola1

In 1556, the book *De Re Metallica* documented mine hoists powered by water, animals, or human strength. By 1884, Lord Armstrong of Cragside used a water-powered chain hoist at Cragend Farm in Northumberland.

Hoist 1306 at Cragend Farm Hydraulic Silo Northumberland UK
Hoist 1306 at Cragend Farm Hydraulic Silo Northumberland UK

During the 19th and 20th centuries, stationary steam engines became common for powering mine hoists. For example, the Quincy Mine utilized a 4-cylinder cross-compound Corliss engine. Mass production of electric hoists began in the early 1900s, with Germany being among the first to adapt them.

In modern mining, hoisting is used to move humans, equipment, and ore within mine shafts.

There are three principal types of mining hoists: Drum hoists, Friction (or Kope) hoists, and Blair multi-rope hoists. While older systems used direct current drives with thyristors, modern large-scale hoists utilize alternating current drives. These modern drives are often controlled by variable-frequency systems to manage the movement of heavy loads efficiently.

Because of the heavy loads involved, strict regulations govern the industry. In North America, the Hoist Manufacturers Institute (HMI), ASME, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provide oversight. The HMI acts as a product council to promote the safe use of these machines. In Europe, the industry follows the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, which includes planned updates for 2027. Proper installation, regular inspection, and careful maintenance are required to ensure these powerful tools remain safe for all users.

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File:The Employment of Women in Britain 1914-1918 Q28530.jpg
The Employment of Women in Britain...
File:Kone EcoDisc.jpg
Kone EcoDisc.jpg
File:Builders hoist.jpg
Builders hoist.jpg
File:Trump Hotel Chicago 2007-08-25.jpg
Trump Hotel Chicago 2007-08-25.jpg
File:Agricola1.jpg
Agricola1.jpg
File:Hoist 1306 at Cragend Farm Hydraulic Silo Northumberland UK.jpg
Hoist 1306 at Cragend Farm Hydraulic Silo...
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