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Tooth

life science Maturity 9-11 Next article →

Teeth are hard structures found in the mouths of many vertebrates. They help animals break down food so they can eat. Some animals use teeth for more than just eating. Carnivores and omnivores might use teeth to catch prey or wound it. Teeth also help animals defend themselves or intimidate others. Some animals even use their teeth to carry their young.

Surfacing great white shark
Surfacing great white shark

Teeth are not actually made of bone. Instead, they are made of different tissues with different hardness levels. These tissues come from a layer called the ectoderm. The way teeth attach to the jaw varies by animal. Mammals have teeth with deep roots. In many fish, teeth attach to the outer surface of the bone. Sharks have teeth that attach to their jaw cartilage using tough ligaments.

Top Rodent Incisor
Top Rodent Incisor

Scientists have different ideas about how teeth first appeared. One idea is the "outside–in" theory. This suggests teeth grew from scales on the skin that folded into the mouth. Another idea is the "inside–out" theory. This suggests they grew from parts in the throat. Fossils of an extinct fish called Romundina stellina support the scale theory. Its teeth and scales were made of the same tissues.

Radula docoglosse
Radula docoglosse

Animals grow teeth in three main ways. Monophyodonts only ever grow one set of teeth. Diphyodonts grow two sets, like humans do. Humans get baby teeth first and then permanent teeth. Polyphyodonts grow many sets of teeth throughout their lives. Sharks are polyphyodonts that grow new teeth every two weeks.

Top Rodent Incisor, Midsagittal View
Top Rodent Incisor, Midsagittal View

Some animals like rabbits have teeth that grow all the time. This helps them eat tough plants without wearing their teeth away.

Many different animals have very special teeth. Elephants have tusks, which are actually specialized incisors. They use them for fighting and digging for food.

Mammoth ivory hg
Mammoth ivory hg

An elephant's chewing teeth work like a conveyor belt. As one tooth wears out, a new one moves forward. Narwhals have a giant tusk that is actually one single tooth. This tooth is very complex and helps them sense things in the water. Even whales have teeth, though some types have many and others have almost none.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Mammoth ivory hg.jpg
Mammoth ivory hg.jpg
File:Top Rodent Incisor.jpg
Top Rodent Incisor.jpg
File:Lower Incisor of Rattus rattus, Buccal View.jpg
Lower Incisor of Rattus rattus, Buccal View.jpg
File:Lower Incisor of Rattus rattus, Lingual View.jpg
Lower Incisor of Rattus rattus, Lingual View.jpg
File:Top Rodent Incisor, Midsagittal View.jpg
Top Rodent Incisor, Midsagittal View.jpg
File:Top Rodent Incisor, Lingual View.jpg
Top Rodent Incisor, Lingual View.jpg
File:Surfacing great white shark.jpg
Surfacing great white shark.jpg
File:Svømmende blodigle.JPG
Svømmende blodigle.JPG
File:Radula docoglosse.JPG
Radula docoglosse.JPG
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