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Tomboy

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A tomboy is a girl or young woman who exhibits behaviors or traits typically associated with men or boys.

John George Brown - The Tomboy
John George Brown - The Tomboy

This often involves wearing androgynous or unfeminine clothing. It can also include engaging in activities traditionally considered masculine. These behaviors can include playing physical sports or using "boy toys" like cars. The term is used to describe girls who are spirited or boisterous. It is a way to describe how a person presents their gender to the world.

The word "tomboy" is a compound word made from "tom" and "boy." Its meaning has changed drastically over several centuries. In 1533, the Oxford Dictionary of English notes it meant a rude or boisterous boy. By the 1570s, the term described a bold or immodest woman. Between the late 1590s and early 1600s, the meaning morphed into its current form. It then described a girl who behaved like a spirited boy or a wild, romping girl.

Tomboy wikipedia hatpants
Tomboy wikipedia hatpants

In the United States, social expectations for women shifted during the 19th century. Before the mid-1800s, the "Cult of True Womanhood" was a dominant ideal. This concept equated femininity with physical vulnerability and emotional fragility. Women were expected to be domestic and submissive rather than active. However, the Long Depression of the late 1800s caused economic instability. This instability made the idea of fragile femininity less desirable for families. Young women joined the workforce to support their households and learn practical skills. This required a more robust physique to handle physical job demands.

American Civil War Chaplain
American Civil War Chaplain

The American Civil War also accelerated this shift in gender roles. As men left for the battlefield, women took over the "left duties of men." This included protecting homes and managing family finances. Many women who once followed the Cult of True Womanhood began performing masculine actions. Mothers began focusing on improving the physical constitution of their daughters. This period helped society realize the importance of healthy, capable women. These historical pressures laid the groundwork for tomboyism to emerge in American culture.

During the early 20th century, experts began discussing the benefits of tomboyism. In 1915, playground advocate Joseph Lee wrote about the "tomboy phase." He argued this phase was crucial for the physical development of girls aged 8 to 13. Similarly, Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote in her 1898 book, *Women and Economics*, about the health benefits of being a tomboy. She suggested girls should not be feminine until it was time to be. These ideas coincided with the rise of first-wave feminism, which focused on women's suffrage.

Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York City, 1912
Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York City, 1912

Psychologists and sociologists have studied the various aspects of tomboy behavior. Some suggest that childhood tomboyism is a phase of gender presentation. It is not an indicator of a person's future sexual orientation. A 2002 study suggested some girls might be "born tomboys" due to higher maternal testosterone during pregnancy. Others view tomboyism as a way to refuse traditional gender roles. In some cultures, masculinity is valued more than femininity, leading girls to adopt masculine traits. However, in China, the term "jiáxiǎozi," or "pseudo-boy," is often used as a derogatory insult.

Skater Girl - Park Spoor Noord (2967515870)
Skater Girl - Park Spoor Noord (2967515870)

In the late 20th century, second-wave feminism expanded discussions of gender inequality. This movement critiqued patriarchal systems in areas like the workspace and family dynamics. As a result, the term "tomboy" is used less frequently in the West today. This is because it is now a societal norm for girls to wear comfortable clothing. It is also normal for adolescent girls to engage in physical activities and play with all genders. Some modern thinkers, like Sebastian Zulch, argue the term can be condescending. They suggest it implicitly associates certain behaviors only with the masculine gender.

Media representations often use tomboy characters to create contrast. In many stories, a tomboy character undergoes a "makeover" to become traditionally feminine. These stories often frame femininity as the character's "best self." However, some characters who do not conform to these expectations remain in an ambiguous state. In fiction, tomboyism can also symbolize new types of family dynamics. It can challenge the idea of the nuclear family unit. By doing so, these characters may help normalize the inclusion of different types of families.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Tomboy (uploaded by Miss Morice).jpg
Tomboy (uploaded by Miss Morice).jpg
File:John George Brown - The Tomboy.jpg
John George Brown - The Tomboy.jpg
File:American Civil War Chaplain.JPG
American Civil War Chaplain.JPG
File:Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York City, 1912.jpeg
Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York...
File:Tomboy wikipedia hatpants.jpg
Tomboy wikipedia hatpants.jpg
File:Skater Girl - Park Spoor Noord (2967515870).jpg
Skater Girl - Park Spoor Noord (2967515870).jpg
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