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The Twelve Caesars

history Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The Twelve Caesars is a famous set of biographies.

Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317
Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317

It tells the stories of Julius Caesar and eleven early Roman emperors. A man named Suetonius wrote this work in 121 AD. He was a personal secretary for the emperor Hadrian. Suetonius dedicated his book to his friend, Gaius Septicius Clarus. This book is very important for people who study history today. It is considered a primary source for many facts about Rome.

Caligula bust
Caligula bust

Suetonius tells stories by looking at many different parts of a life. He writes about how leaders acted in politics and war. He also shares details about their personal habits and physical looks. Some people criticize his writing style today. They say he sometimes used gossip or rumors instead of just facts. He also included his own opinions in some places. Even so, his work provides tiny details that other history books miss.

Château de Versailles, salon de la paix, buste d'empereur romain (Claude)
Château de Versailles, salon de la paix, buste d'empereur romain (Claude)

The book begins with the life of Julius Caesar.

Pompei Magnus Antiquarium
Pompei Magnus Antiquarium

Suetonius describes Caesar's military wins in places like Gaul. He even tells a story about when Caesar was captured by pirates. Caesar told the pirates their ransom was too low. He later captured the pirates and recovered his money. Caesar also changed the Roman calendar to help track time better. He even named the month of July after himself.

Nero Glyptothek Munich 321
Nero Glyptothek Munich 321

After Caesar, the book follows his heir, Augustus.

(Venice) Tiberius Portrait of the 'Imperium Maius' type in Museo Archeologico Nazionale
(Venice) Tiberius Portrait of the 'Imperium Maius' type in Museo Archeologico Nazionale

Augustus was the great-nephew of Caesar. He became the first official Roman emperor. His rule helped start a long period of peace. Suetonius says Augustus lived a very simple life. He ate normal meals and slept in an ordinary bed. The book also describes a sad defeat in the Teutoburg Forest. This battle almost wrecked the whole Roman empire.

Finally, the book covers other leaders like Tiberius and Caligula.

Château de Versailles, galerie des glaces, buste d'empereur romain 03 (Titus)
Château de Versailles, galerie des glaces, buste d'empereur romain 03 (Titus)

Tiberius was the stepson of Augustus. He was a leader in the Roman army. Suetonius writes about many different emperors in the collection. These include Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian.

Bust Domitian Musei Capitolini MC1156
Bust Domitian Musei Capitolini MC1156

By reading these lives, we see how the Roman Empire grew. We see how real people made big choices for their world.

346 words

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Pompei Magnus Antiquarium.jpg
Pompei Magnus Antiquarium.jpg
File:Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg
Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg
File:(Venice) Tiberius Portrait of the 'Imperium Maius' type in Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg
(Venice) Tiberius Portrait of the...
File:Caligula bust.jpg
Caligula bust.jpg
File:Caligae from side.jpg
Caligae from side.jpg
File:Château de Versailles, salon de la paix, buste d'empereur romain (Claude).jpg
Château de Versailles, salon de la paix,...
File:Nero Glyptothek Munich 321.jpg
Nero Glyptothek Munich 321.jpg
File:Stockholm - Antikengalerie 4 - Büste Kaiser Galba.jpg
Stockholm - Antikengalerie 4 - Büste...
File:Oth001.jpg
Oth001.jpg
File:Pseudo-Vitellius Louvre MR684.jpg
Pseudo-Vitellius Louvre MR684.jpg
File:Château de Versailles, galerie des glaces, buste d'empereur romain 03 (Titus).jpg
Château de Versailles, galerie des...
File:Bust Domitian Musei Capitolini MC1156.jpg
Bust Domitian Musei Capitolini MC1156.jpg
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