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Tengrism

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Tengrism is a belief system from the Eurasian steppes.

Peak of Khan Tengri at sunset
Peak of Khan Tengri at sunset

It is based on shamanism and animism. Animism is the idea that spirits live in all of nature. Many followers believe in a sky god named Tengri.

Orkhon
Orkhon

Some call this deity the Sky Father or the Blue Sky. Some scholars suggest the purpose of life is to live in harmony with the universe. This belief system has many different layers and ideas.

How the religion works can be complex. It often involves the worship of many different gods, which is called polytheism. Some gods are personified, like Ülgen or Kayra. However, Tengri itself is often seen as an abstract phenomenon.

SB - Altay shaman with drum
SB - Altay shaman with drum

Some people say the religion has a monotheistic side. This means it focuses on one supreme being in heaven. This idea might have helped rulers explain why they should lead. For example, if there is one god in heaven, there can be one ruler on earth.

This belief system has a very long history. It was the main religion for many groups like the Hun and the Xiongnu.

Kultigin Monument of Orkhon Inscriptions
Kultigin Monument of Orkhon Inscriptions

The Xiongnu were recorded in Chinese chronicles as early as the 4th century BC. Tengrism was the state religion for many medieval states. These included the First Turkic Khaganate and the Mongol Empire.

Guyuk khan's Stamp 1246
Guyuk khan's Stamp 1246

In Mongolian folk religion, Genghis Khan is seen as an embodiment of Tengri's will. This shows how the faith linked leaders to the divine.

There are many important names and terms to know. The name Tengri might come from words meaning "high" or "dawn."

Syr Darya Oblast. Kyrgyz Yurt WDL10968
Syr Darya Oblast. Kyrgyz Yurt WDL10968

Different languages use different names like Tengeri, Tangra, or Tanri. The term "Tengrism" is actually quite new in science. A scholar named Jean-Paul Roux used it in 1956. A Kazakh poet named Olzhas Suleymenov also used it in 1975. Even today, people use many different spellings for these ancient ideas.

Today, Tengrism still connects to many parts of the world. It is practiced in places like Siberia and Central Asia.

Бэликто
Бэликто

You can find followers in Buryatia, Sakha, and Tuva. Some people mix these traditions with Tibetan Buddhism. Others try to keep the traditions in a purer form. It is also seen in modern movements like Altaian Burkhanism. These living traditions keep the ancient steppe history alive for new generations.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Peak of Khan Tengri at sunset.jpg
Peak of Khan Tengri at sunset.jpg
File:Witsen's Shaman.JPG
Witsen's Shaman.JPG
File:SB - Altay shaman with drum.jpg
SB - Altay shaman with drum.jpg
File:Бэликто.JPG
Бэликто.JPG
File:Orkhon.svg
Orkhon.svg
File:Kultigin Monument of Orkhon Inscriptions.jpeg
Kultigin Monument of Orkhon Inscriptions.jpeg
File:Guyuk khan's Stamp 1246.jpg
Guyuk khan's Stamp 1246.jpg
File:Syr Darya Oblast. Kyrgyz Yurt WDL10968.png
Syr Darya Oblast. Kyrgyz Yurt WDL10968.png
File:ArghunLetterToPhilippeLeBelExtract1289.jpg
ArghunLetterToPhilippeLeBelExtract1289.jpg
File:LetterArghunToNicholasIV1290VaticanArchives.jpg
LetterArghunToNicholasIV1290VaticanArchives.jpg
File:Burkhan Khaldun mount2.jpg
Burkhan Khaldun mount2.jpg
File:Yard leading to the Temple of the White Sulde of Genghis Khan, in Uxin, Inner Mongolia, China.jpg
Yard leading to the Temple of the White...

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