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Tarawa

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Tarawa is a significant atoll located in the Micronesia region of the central Pacific Ocean.

Tarawa 1873 map
Tarawa 1873 map

It serves as the capital of the Republic of Kiribati. An atoll is a ring-shaped coral reef that surrounds a central lagoon. Tarawa consists of a wide reef and a large lagoon. A wide ship channel provides access from the ocean into the lagoon. This deep passage is the reason for the name Tarawa. In the Gilbertese language, Te Rawa means "The Passage."

Tarawa 1873 map
Tarawa 1873 map

The geography of the atoll is divided into two distinct sections. North Tarawa is a string of islets stretching from Buariki to Buota. These islets are often separated by wide channels. Travelers often cross these channels at low tide. There is also a ferry service between Buota and Abatao. South Tarawa is much more densely populated. It contains 56,388 inhabitants. This represents half of the total population of Kiribati.

Tarawa 1873 map
Tarawa 1873 map

Construction has changed the physical layout of South Tarawa. Causeways have created a single strip of land. This strip runs from Betio in the west to Tanaea in the northeast. Previously, the islet of Betio was only 291 acres in size. The atoll experiences a tropical rainforest climate.

Line5304 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library
Line5304 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library

This is known as a Köppen climate classification. The weather is pleasant from April to October. During this time, northeastern winds are predominant. From November to March, western gales bring rain and occasional cyclones.

Rainfall levels vary significantly across the Gilbert Islands. In the north, the annual average is 3,000 mm. In the south, the average is only 500 mm. Tarawa often faces frequent droughts. However, normal rainfall supports many plants. These include coconut, pandanus, papaya, and banana trees. Breadfruit trees also grow when rain is sufficient. The large population puts pressure on marine resources. The fish and shellfish are naturally abundant but are being strained.

Human history in the region spans thousands of years. DNA and carbon dating show settlement around 200 BC. The local people, known as the Tungaru, are skilled seafarers. They use traditional navigation to cross the ocean. The first European to describe Tarawa was Captain Thomas Gilbert in 1788. He named the lagoon Charlotte Bay. In 1892, the islands became a British Protectorate. This ended many years of war between the House of Auatubu and the House of Teabike.

Tarawa 1873 map
Tarawa 1873 map

Tarawa was a site of intense combat during World War II. The Japanese occupied the atoll before the conflict. On November 20, 1943, U.S. Marines landed to fight Japanese Marines.

Battle Tarawa
Battle Tarawa

This event is known as the Battle of Tarawa. The fighting lasted for 76 hours. In total, 6,000 people were killed during the battle. This event was captured in a documentary film.

The film was released in March 1944. It was the first time many Americans saw images of dead servicemen on film.

Today, Tarawa is a central hub for administration and diplomacy. South Tarawa hosts the capital of Kiribati. The House of Assembly is located in Ambo. The State House is in Bairiki. Various government ministries are spread across the islands. They range from Betio to Nawerewere. There are four resident diplomatic missions on the atoll. These include the high commissions of Australia and New Zealand. The embassies of China and Japan are also present.

Tarawa 1873 map
Tarawa 1873 map

The atoll is also connected to global systems through the United Nations. Several UN agencies have offices in Kiribati. These include UNICEF, WHO, and the FAO. In 2014, the Kiribati Government began a road restoration project. This project was funded in part by the World Bank. It aims to upgrade the main road from Betio to Bonriki. This road transits the length of Tarawa. The project helps connect the different parts of the growing population.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Line5304 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
Line5304 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
File:Battle Tarawa.jpg
Battle Tarawa.jpg
File:Tarawa 1873 map.jpg
Tarawa 1873 map.jpg
With the Marines at Tarawa.ogv
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