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Kiribati

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Kiribati is a sovereign island nation located in the Micronesia sub-region of Oceania.

Kiribati map LOC
Kiribati map LOC

It is situated in the central Pacific Ocean and consists of 32 atolls and other islands. The nation also includes Banaba, which is a remote raised coral island.

South Tarawa from the air
South Tarawa from the air

The islands are spread across a vast area of the ocean. They stretch from Banaba in the west to Kiritimati in the east. This distribution means the country straddles both the equator and the 180th meridian.

Kiribati Inseln
Kiribati Inseln

The geography of Kiribati creates a unique relationship with time. The International Date Line swings far to the east around the islands. It reaches almost 150°W. This positioning places the southern Line Islands in the most advanced time zone on Earth. This zone is known as UTC+14. Because of this, the easternmost islands are in the same day as the Gilbert Islands. This makes Kiribati one of the first places to enter a new day.

Historically, the islands were inhabited by Austronesian peoples. They arrived sometime between 3000 BC and 1300 AD.

Makin Islander
Makin Islander

These seafaring groups interacted with voyagers from Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji. These interactions introduced Polynesian and Melanesian cultural aspects. Over time, intense navigation and intermarriage led to cultural homogenization. This means different island groups shared many similar cultural traits. By the 15th century, distinct systems of governance emerged. The northern islands often lived under the rule of chiefs, known as uea. In contrast, the central and southern islands were often ruled by councils of elders called unimwaane.

Tabiteuean warriors of the Gilberts Islands, about 1840
Tabiteuean warriors of the Gilberts Islands, about 1840

The colonial era brought significant changes to the region. The Gilbert Islands were annexed as a British protectorate in 1892.

Declaration of a protectorate on Abemama by Captain Davis, 27th May 1892
Declaration of a protectorate on Abemama by Captain Davis, 27th May 1892

This political arrangement lasted until 1979. In that year, Kiribati gained independence from the United Kingdom. The new sovereign state included the Gilbert, Phoenix, and Line islands, along with Banaba. The name Kiribati is the Gilbertese rendition of "Gilberts." This name honors Captain Thomas Gilbert, who sighted the islands in 1788. The name was officially adopted by Chief Minister Sir Ieremia Tabai and his cabinet to represent all the islands.

Today, the economy of Kiribati relies on several key sectors. Many people live on Tarawa, the capital.

Tarawa
Tarawa

Tarawa consists of several islets connected by causeways. These causeways are raised paths that link the different parts of the atoll. The economy is driven by fisheries, subsistence agriculture, and the export of copra. Copra is dried coconut meat. Historically, the country exported phosphate from Banaba. However, the phosphate mine on Banaba is now virtually exhausted. The government also relies on fishing license fees from foreign fleets. Many families also receive remittances from circular labour migrants. These workers serve as seafarers, agricultural workers, or urban service workers.

Kiribati is a small nation with a population of just over 119,000 people as of the 2020 census. More than half of the population lives on Tarawa.

Children in Bairiki Square, Tarawa, Kiribati
Children in Bairiki Square, Tarawa, Kiribati

The country is a member of many international organizations. These include the United Nations, which it joined in 1999. It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and the World Bank. In February 2021, Kiribati announced it would withdraw from the Pacific Islands Forum. This decision followed a dispute regarding the election of the forum's secretary-general.

The nation faces serious environmental challenges due to its geography. As an atoll nation, Kiribati is composed of low-lying islands. This makes the country acutely vulnerable to sea-level rise and climate change.

Landscape, Kiribati, 2011. Photo- Erin Magee - DFAT (12425893525)
Landscape, Kiribati, 2011. Photo- Erin Magee - DFAT (12425893525)

Extreme weather events and rising seas are predicted to become more frequent. The islands also face threats from tsunamis, which have been a concern since time-immemorial.

Line5304 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library
Line5304 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library

Because of these risks, Kiribati is an active member of the Alliance of Small Island States. Addressing climate change is a central part of its international policy to protect its people and land.

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🖼️ Images & Media (32)
Kiribati Anthem Performed by US Navy Band.oga
File:FMIB 53006 Gilbert or Kingsmill Islands.jpeg
FMIB 53006 Gilbert or Kingsmill Islands.jpeg
File:Tabiteuean warriors of the Gilberts Islands, about 1840.png
Tabiteuean warriors of the Gilberts...
File:Makin Islander.jpg
Makin Islander.jpg
File:Declaration of a protectorate on Abemama by Captain Davis, 27th May 1892.JPG
Declaration of a protectorate on Abemama...
File:Boeing 314 Clipper in cruise.jpg
Boeing 314 Clipper in cruise.jpg
File:Stamp Gilbert Ellice Islands 1939 3p.jpg
Stamp Gilbert Ellice Islands 1939 3p.jpg
File:Tarawa.jpg
Tarawa.jpg
File:KiribatiPresidential Residence.jpg
KiribatiPresidential Residence.jpg
File:KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg
KiribatiParliamentHouse.jpg
File:五月二十三日總統接見吉里巴斯總統馬茂(Taneti Maamau)伉儷乙行 (27208262585).jpg
五月二十三日總統接見吉里巴斯總統馬茂(Taneti Maamau)伉儷乙行...
File:RKS Teanoai, during a joint exercise 2019-11-07.jpg
RKS Teanoai, during a joint exercise...

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