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Line Islands

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The Line Islands are a vast chain of islands in the central Pacific Ocean.

Map of Kiribati CIA WFB
Map of Kiribati CIA WFB

They stretch from the northwest toward the southeast. This formation is one of the longest island chains in the world. Most of these islands are part of the nation of Kiribati. However, the United States also manages three specific areas. These are Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, and Palmyra Atoll. All the islands in this chain were originally created by volcanic activity.

Geographically, the chain is divided into three distinct subgroups. These are the Northern, Central, and Southern Line Islands. Many of these features are classified as atolls. An atoll is a ring-shaped coral island that surrounds a lagoon. Most islands in the chain follow this pattern. However, Vostok and Jarvis are exceptions because they lack lagoons. Some islands, like Kiritimati, are exceptionally large. Kiritimati is the largest atoll in the world by land area.

Map of Kiribati CIA WFB
Map of Kiribati CIA WFB

Archaeologists have found evidence of long-term human presence here. They identified coral Marae platforms and village complexes on several islands. These sites are located on Kiritimati, Tabuaeran, Teraina, Malden, Millennium Atoll, and Flint Island. The remains are dateable as far back as the 14th century. This suggests that early inhabitants were either permanent or semi-permanent settlers. Many 18th-century explorers actually overlooked these signs of Polynesian settlement. Captain Cook landed on Kiritimati in 1777. Later, Captain Fanning visited Teraina and Tabuaeran in 1798.

During the 19th century, the islands saw a different kind of visitor. Whaling ships traveled to these islands quite regularly. They relied on the islands for essential supplies like water, wood, and provisions. The first recorded whaler to visit was the Coquette in 1822. The islands also became important for global communication. In 1888, the United Kingdom planned to lay a Pacific cable. They annexed the islands to use Tabuaeran as a relay station. This cable was operational from 1902 until 1963, with a brief pause in 1914.

Ownership of the islands was a subject of international debate. The United Kingdom annexed Fanning and Washington islands in 1916. They later added Christmas Island to the same colony in 1919. The United States contested these British claims. The U.S. used the Guano Islands Act of 1856 to support its own claims. This legal dispute lasted for many years. Eventually, the United States relinquished its claims in 1979. This happened through the Treaty of Tarawa, which recognized Kiribati's sovereignty over most of the chain.

The Line Islands play a unique role in how the world tracks time. The International Date Line passes through this region. In 1994, the Republic of Kiribati changed its time zone settings. This was done to fulfill a campaign promise by President Teburoro Tito. The goal was to stop the country from being split across two different days. This move placed the Kiribati islands in the UTC+14:00 time zone. This is the farthest forward time zone in the world.

DateLine-with-Caroline-Island
DateLine-with-Caroline-Island

This time zone shift had a massive global impact. It made Millennium Island one of the first places to see the sunrise. On January 1, 2000, the island saw the dawn at 5:43 am local time. To celebrate the new millennium, a massive event was held on Millennium Island. The celebration featured native Kiribati singers and dancers. It was broadcast via satellite to an estimated one billion viewers. This event highlighted the islands' position at the very beginning of the new era.

DateLine-with-Caroline-Island
DateLine-with-Caroline-Island

Today, the islands support small, local economies. Only Kiritimati, Tabuaeran, and Teraina have permanent populations. The people living there rely on specific exports. These include seaweed, copra, and pet fish. The islands remain a significant part of the Pacific's geography and history. They connect ancient Polynesian settlements to modern global systems of time and communication.

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File:Map of Kiribati CIA WFB.png
Map of Kiribati CIA WFB.png
File:DateLine-with-Caroline-Island.PNG
DateLine-with-Caroline-Island.PNG
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