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String instrument

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

String instruments, also called chordophones, make music through vibrating strings.

Chordophone (Cordophone)
Chordophone (Cordophone)

Musicians can play these instruments in many different ways. You might pluck the strings with your fingers or a small pick called a plectrum. Some players use a bow made of rosined horsehair to rub the strings. Others might strike the strings with a light wooden hammer. Even keyboard instruments like the harpsichord use a mechanism to pluck strings. In some cases, a musician might even tap on the fingerboard. All these actions cause the strings to vibrate and create sound.

Most string instruments have a hollow body to help the sound travel.

DuplexScaling
DuplexScaling

This hollow area or chamber allows the vibrations to reach the air. This makes the sound much louder for the performer and the audience. Some instruments, like the electric guitar, have a solid wood body instead. These instruments rely on electronic amplification to be heard. Scientists use the Hornbostel–Sachs scheme to group these instruments. They divide them into simple instruments without a resonator and composite instruments with one. A piano is considered simple because its strings and parts could be removed from the box.

History shows us that people have played strings for a very long time.

Dinastia tang, coppia di musici a cavallo, VIII-IX secolo ca. 02
Dinastia tang, coppia di musici a cavallo, VIII-IX secolo ca. 02

A cave painting in France might show an early musical bow. From these simple bows, people created harps and lyres by adding more strings. Archaeologists found the lyres of Ur in Mesopotamia that are over 3,000 years old. In Vietnam, a 2,000-year-old instrument made of deer antler was also discovered. Ancient Indian instruments from 500 BC had between 7 and 21 strings. These old tools helped people learn to play complex chords and notes.

There are three main families of these instruments to know.

StringInstruMAPDF
StringInstruMAPDF

Lutes have a neck and a body, like the guitar or violin. The lute family includes many types, such as the sitar or the oud. Harps have strings that stand vertical within a frame. Zithers have strings mounted on a body, a frame, or a tube. This group includes the piano and the dulcimer. Lyres are another type, with two arms connected by a crossbar. Each family offers a different way to hold and play the strings.

As technology changed, string instruments changed too.

Viol, fidel and rebec
Viol, fidel and rebec

In the 1920s, electric violins became part of jazz music. The electric guitar was a huge breakthrough for musicians. It uses magnetic pickups to send sound to an amplifier. In the 1960s, powerful amplifiers called "stacks" were made for rock bands.

Ottoman musical string instrument at the Debbane Palace museum
Ottoman musical string instrument at the Debbane Palace museum

Musicians also started using small pedals to create new sounds. These tools allow players to perform in huge stadiums and festivals. Today, strings are used in everything from classical orchestras to heavy metal.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:StringInstruMAPDF.JPG
StringInstruMAPDF.JPG
File:Viol, fidel and rebec.jpg
Viol, fidel and rebec.jpg
File:Dinastia tang, coppia di musici a cavallo, VIII-IX secolo ca. 02.jpg
Dinastia tang, coppia di musici a...
File:Proportional string fingering.png
Proportional string fingering.png
File:DuplexScaling.jpg
DuplexScaling.jpg
File:Ottoman musical string instrument at the Debbane Palace museum.jpg
Ottoman musical string instrument at the...
File:Chordophone (Cordophone).jpg
Chordophone (Cordophone).jpg
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