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Stone Forest

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The Stone Forest, or Shilin, is a massive collection of limestone formations in China. It is located in the Shilin Yi Autonomous County within Yunnan province. This landscape covers an area of approximately 500 square kilometers. The tall rocks rise from the ground like stalagmites. Many of the pillars look like petrified trees. This creates a visual illusion of a forest made entirely of stone.

Shilin, Yunnan 24740
Shilin, Yunnan 24740

Because of its beauty, it is classified as a AAAAA-class tourist site.

The geological history of this site began about 270 million years ago. During the Permian period, this region was actually a shallow sea. Extensive deposits of sandstone and limestone accumulated in this marine basin. Over time, the region underwent uplift, which raised the land above sea level. Once exposed, the rocks faced the forces of wind and running water. This process of wearing down the rock is known as weathering. These forces shaped the limestone into the pillars seen today.

Specific rock formations define the different parts of the forest. The Major and Minor Stone Forests are located in the Maokou Formation. This formation consists of nearly pure limestone from the Lower Permian age. The Naigu Stone Forest sits 9 km to the northeast. It is developed in the Qixia Formation, which contains dolomite and dolomitic limestone. These rock layers are 505 meters thick. They include materials like bio-clastic limestone, calcarenite, and calcilutite.

Shilin-24774 (53182221999)
Shilin-24774 (53182221999)

Water played a critical role in creating the karst topography. Karst is a type of landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks. The Maokou Formation has conjugate shear joints. These are fractures that run in directions like northeast-southwest and northeast-southeast. These cracks provided the main pathways for surface and underground water. The density and orientation of these fractures controlled the size of the pillars. Below the carbonate rocks, the Liangshan Formation contains sandstones and shales. This layer acts as a permeability barrier. It forces groundwater to flow from the west toward the east.

The Shilin National Scenic Area is divided into seven distinct scenic areas. These include the Greater and Lesser Stone Forests, also called the Lizijing Stone Forest. Other notable areas are the Naigu Stone Forest and Zhiyun Cave. Visitors can also find Lake Chang, which means Long Lake. Other landmarks include Lake Yue, or Moon Lake, and the Dadieshui Waterfall. The Qifeng Cave is another important part of the site. Since 2007, the Naigu Stone Forest and Suogeyi Village have been UNESCO World Heritage Sites. They are part of the South China Karst.

Diverse plant life thrives among the stone pillars. The area contains several types of forest and plant communities. You can find evergreen broad-leaved forests with species like Cyclobalanopsis glancoides. There are also sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forests. Deciduous broad-leaved and subtropical needle-leaved forests exist here too. One common species is the Pinus yunnanensis. In the lakes, you might find the plant Ottelia acuminata. The region also hosts species from the Sino-Himalayan and East Asian Realms. This variety of life surrounds the ancient stone structures.

Local culture is deeply tied to the landscape through legend. The Yi people believe the forest is the birthplace of a girl named Ashima. According to the story, she was forbidden to marry her chosen suitor. She eventually turned into a stone that still bears her name. The Yi people celebrate their heritage during the Torch Festival. This occurs annually on the 24th day of the sixth lunar month. The festival includes traditional folk dances and wrestling competitions. This connection between geology and folklore makes the Stone Forest a unique cultural landmark.

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File:Shilin, Yunnan 24740.jpg
Shilin, Yunnan 24740.jpg
File:Shilin-24774 (53182221999).jpg
Shilin-24774 (53182221999).jpg
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