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Pando (tree)

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Pando is a massive quaking aspen clone located in Sevier County, Utah. It lives within the Fishlake National Forest in the United States.

FallPando02
FallPando02

While it looks like a forest of many trees, it is actually a single organism. This is known as a clonal organism because all its parts are genetically identical. Pando is considered the largest tree in the world by weight and landmass. It is also the largest aspen tree, or Populus tremuloides, on Earth. Because different scientists use different rules to define a "large tree," Pando's exact status can be confusing. For example, the General Sherman Tree is larger if you only measure a single stem. However, Pando is in a class of its own due to its immense scale.

The way Pando lives is quite different from a typical tree. It consists of approximately 47,000 individual stems called ramets. These stems appear to be separate trees, but they are all connected by one vast root system.

Pando map with fences
Pando map with fences

When an individual stem dies, the root system sends up a new one. This specific process is called suckering. Most individual stems only live for about 100 to 130 years. However, the massive root system allows the entire organism to survive for much longer. This constant cycle of death and regrowth allows the tree to maintain its massive size over many centuries.

Scientists have worked for decades to understand this unique organism. Jerry Kemperman and Burton V. Barnes first identified Pando in 1976. In 1992, researchers Michael Grant, Jeffrey Mitton, and Yan Linhart re-examined the clone. They used morphological characteristics, such as pollen production and leaf structure, to describe it as a single male aspen clone. Michael Grant gave the tree the name "Pando," which is Latin for "I spread." Later, in 2008, a genetic study by Jennifer DeWoody and her team confirmed these findings. Their large-scale genetic sampling proved that Pando is indeed a single, massive biological entity.

The sheer scale of Pando is difficult to imagine. It has an estimated weight of 13.2 million pounds.

Pando 2021 Official Picture
Pando 2021 Official Picture

The tree spans a large area across a steep basin wall. Its elevation ranges from 2,700 meters to 2,773 meters above sea level. Determining the exact age of Pando is a complex scientific challenge. Because the stems are constantly being replaced, scientists cannot use tree rings to find the age of the whole organism. Current estimates suggest the root system is between 9,000 and 16,000 years old. Some older, unverified claims suggested the tree was much older, but climate models make those ages unlikely.

Protecting Pando is a major priority for many conservation groups. Researchers have noted that several factors could threaten its future. These include long-term droughts, fire suppression, and grazing by animals. While aspen trees are water-heavy and naturally fire-resistant, they still face risks. One major concern is herbivory, which is when animals like mule deer and elk eat the new growth. To stop this, the Fishlake National Forest installed 8-foot wildlife controls.

Pando Protection Plan Map
Pando Protection Plan Map

These fences help protect about 84 acres of the tree from being overbrowsed by deer and elk.

Management of Pando has become more organized through specific protection plans. Between 2015 and 2022, officials developed the Pando Protection Plan. This plan involved gathering feedback from many different community and land management groups. In 2024, cattle grazing in the area ended to help protect the tree. By 2025, new protections were added to bring about 80% of Pando's landmass into protective care. This includes creating management bulwarks to help control how animals move through the area. These efforts are supported by organizations like the Western Aspen Alliance and the Grand Canyon Trust.

Today, scientists use advanced technology to monitor the health of the clone. In 2023, researchers began using GPS collars and wildlife cameras to study deer and elk populations. This data helps biologists understand how to better manage the landscape. The US Forest Service also works to inventory the area as "mature" forest. This classification may allow Pando to receive even more special care and legal protections. By studying how Pando survives, scientists learn more about how large-scale biological systems respond to a changing world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:FallPando02.jpg
FallPando02.jpg
File:Pando 2021 Official Picture.jpg
Pando 2021 Official Picture.jpg
File:Pando Protection Plan Map.jpg
Pando Protection Plan Map.jpg
File:Pando map with fences.jpg
Pando map with fences.jpg
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