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Cango Caves

earth science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The Cango Caves are a massive system of underground tunnels and chambers in South Africa. They are located within Precambrian limestones at the foothills of the Swartberg range. These caves sit near the town of Oudtshoorn in the Western Cape Province. They are considered one of the finest and most popular tourist caves in the country. Many visitors travel from overseas to explore these limestone formations. While the entire system is quite extensive, only about one quarter is open to the public. Visitors must always enter the caves in groups led by a professional guide.

Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020

The caves are divided into three distinct sections known as Cango I, Cango II, and Cango III. Cango I was the first part mapped in detail. The South African Speleological Association found that these caves mostly follow a single line. They noted that the path never rises or falls by more than a small amount. In 1972, explorers James Craig-Smith, Luther Terblanche, and Dart Ruiters discovered Cango II. They achieved this by widening an obstructed passage that stretched past the Devil's Kitchen. This section includes a shaft that leads down to a chamber filled with water.

Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020

Finding the third section, Cango III, required a very difficult process. In August 1975, a large exploration team led by Hans Oosthuizen worked to find more cave space. They focused on the water-filled chamber at the end of Cango II. The team drained most of the water from this chamber. This allowed them to crawl through a passage that had previously been underwater. This successful maneuver led to the discovery of the Cango III system. Later, in December 1977, Digby Ellis and Dave Land found a new crawlway. They added even more to the system in June 1978.

Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020

Human history is deeply connected to these limestone halls. Evidence from cave paintings and artifacts shows the caves were used during prehistory. Specifically, they were used throughout the Middle and Later Stone Ages. In 1780, a local farmer named Jacobus Van Zyl rediscovered the caves in modern times. He was lowered into a chamber that was as long as a football field. This massive space was named Van Zyl Hall to honor him. A second chamber was discovered shortly after in 1792. In 1829, Dr. Andrew Smith visited the caves to satisfy his scientific curiosity.

Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020

Archaeology has also provided many details about the site's past. In 1930, an archaeologist named A.J.H. Goodwin performed a test excavation. His work at the University of Cape Town uncovered stone artifacts and other cultural materials. These finds help us understand the people who lived there long ago. Today, the caves are managed by the municipality of Oudtshoorn. Legal powers over the caves were established by the Cango Caves Ordinance of 1999. This ordinance gave specific powers to the Administrator of the Cape. These powers now belong to the local government executive members.

Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020

The scale of the Cango Caves is truly impressive. Altogether, the various cave sections are about 3 kilometers long. The largest chamber in the system is quite massive, stretching about 70 meters. Exploring the caves offers different experiences depending on the tour chosen. The Standard Tour lasts for one hour and focuses on halls and limestone formations. The Adventure Tour lasts for one hour and thirty minutes. This longer tour requires visitors to climb steep rock formations. It also involves crawling through narrow passages using small lights.

Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020

Adventure seekers should be prepared for very tight spaces. On the Adventure Tour, the smallest passage is just under 15 cm wide. This is the space a person must pass through to exit. Many people visit the caves as part of a trip along the scenic Route 62. There are even historical records of the caves being filmed. The Cinema Museum in London holds a film of a visit from the 1930s. Legends also surround the caves, such as the story of Johnny van Wassenaer. In 1898, he reportedly walked 29 hours to find the end of the caves. He believed he followed an underground river to reach his destination.

Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
Cango Caves De Kombuis Oudtshoorn 020
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