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Eisriesenwelt

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Eisriesenwelt is a massive natural cave system located in Werfen, Austria. Its name translates to "World of the Ice Giants."

IceCaveEntrance
IceCaveEntrance

This site is situated within the Hochkogel mountain in the Tennengebirge section of the Alps. It holds the title of the largest ice cave in the world. The entire system extends for more than 42 kilometers. However, the ice is only found in the first kilometer of the cave. The remaining sections are made of limestone. Today, about 200,000 tourists visit this incredible location every year.

The geology of this area is quite complex and ancient. The Tennengebirge mountains formed during the late Tertiary period. This happened during the Würm glaciation period of the Pleistocene. The mountain range is a major massif in the Austrian Alps. It is also the largest karst plateau in the Salzburger Alps. Eisriesenwelt sits right at the rim of this plateau.

EisriesenweltRockLayer
EisriesenweltRockLayer

The cave was originally carved by the Salzach river. This river eroded deep passageways into the limestone mountain over time.

Specific environmental processes allow the ice to persist year-round. The ice formations are created by thawing snow. This snow drains into the cave and freezes during the winter months. The cave entrance stays open throughout the entire year. During winter, chilly winds blow into the cave to freeze the snow. In the summer, a different process occurs. Cold wind blows from inside the cave toward the entrance. This outward flow of cold air prevents the ice formations from melting.

Human history with the cave began with fear and later with discovery. Before 1879, local people knew of the cave but avoided it. They believed the opening was an entrance to Hell. Anton Posselt, a natural scientist from Salzburg, made the first official discovery in 1879. He only explored the first 200 meters of the system. He published his findings in 1880 in a mountaineering magazine. However, his report was quickly forgotten by most people.

A speleologist named von Mörk eventually remembered Posselt's work. He led several expeditions into the caves starting in 1912. Many other explorers followed his lead. Sadly, von Mörk was killed during World War I in 1914. An urn containing his ashes remains in a niche inside the cave. In 1920, explorers built a cabin called Forscherhütte. They also established the first routes up the mountain. Later, the Dr. Oedl House and paths from Werfen and Tenneck were added. In 1955, a cable car was built to help visitors. This ride shortened the 90-minute climb to just 3 minutes.

A guided tour through the cave is a structured journey. Visitors enter the cave and walk toward Posselt Hall. This large room contains a stalagmite called Posselt Tower. Near this tower, an ashen cross marks where Posselt stopped exploring. Next, visitors see the Great Ice Embankment. This massive formation rises to a height of 25 meters. It is the area where the greatest ice growth occurs. The tour also includes Hymir's Castle, named after a Norse mythological giant. Inside, stalactites form a structure called Frigga's Veil, or the Ice Organ.

The tour continues through the Alexander von Mörk Cathedral. This is one of the largest rooms in the cave. It serves as the final resting place for von Mörk's ashes. The final destination is the Ice Palace. This area is 400 meters underground and one kilometer into the cave. Because the tour is a loop, visitors must walk back to the entrance. The entire round-trip journey takes about 75 minutes. The cave is open from May 1 to October 26. Temperatures inside usually stay below freezing, so warm clothing is necessary.

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File:EisriesenweltRockLayer.jpg
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IceCaveEntrance.jpg
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