Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Samuel Johnson

arts Maturity 5-7 religion death dying war conflict Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: religion, death_dying, war_conflict. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Samuel Johnson was a monumental figure in English literature.

Samuel Johnson by John Opie
Samuel Johnson by John Opie

He was a poet, playwright, essayist, and biographer. He was also a lexicographer, which is a person who creates dictionaries. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography calls him the most distinguished man of letters in English history. He left a lasting mark on how we study literature and write biographies. His work helped shape the very structure of the English language.

Portrait of Samuel Johnson, L.L.D (4673326)
Portrait of Samuel Johnson, L.L.D (4673326)

Johnson is best known for his massive Dictionary of the English Language.

Johnson London 01
Johnson London 01

This work contained 42,733 individual entries. It was released in 1755 after nine years of intense effort. Scholars called it one of the greatest achievements of scholarship. His dictionary remained the pre-eminent authority for about 150 years. It held this position until the Oxford English Dictionary arrived. This book changed how people understood and used modern English.

Johnson's life began in Lichfield, Staffordshire, in 1709.

Johnson house Lichfield
Johnson house Lichfield

He was born to Michael Johnson, a bookseller, and Sarah Johnson. His birth was difficult and his health was a concern. As a child, he contracted scrofula, a skin condition. In 1712, Queen Anne performed a ritual to help him. This ritual did not work and left him with permanent scars. He also carried an amulet from the Queen for his whole life.

Education was a central part of Johnson's early years.

Pembroke Lodge
Pembroke Lodge

He studied Latin and Greek with great skill. Because his father fell into deep debt, money was often scarce. This financial struggle forced him to leave Pembroke College, Oxford, after 13 months. He could not afford the student fees required to stay. However, he eventually earned several honorary degrees. These came from the University of Oxford and Trinity College Dublin.

Johnson faced significant physical challenges throughout his adult life.

Portrait of Samuel Johnson ("Blinking Sam")
Portrait of Samuel Johnson ("Blinking Sam")

He was deaf in one ear and blind in one eye. He also experienced regular, uncontrolled gestures and tics. Modern biographers believe these movements were signs of Tourette syndrome. This was a medical condition that was not understood in the 18th century. He also endured periods of mental struggle and loneliness. Despite these hardships, he became a celebrated literary leader in London.

His career included many diverse and impressive works.

Samuel Johnson by Joseph Nollekens 1777
Samuel Johnson by Joseph Nollekens 1777

He wrote the poem "London" in 1738. He also published "The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia" in 1759. Near the end of his life, he wrote "Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets." This series provided biographies and critical reviews of 52 different poets. He also published "The Plays of William Shakespeare" in 1765. Each work showed his deep skill as a critic and writer.

His relationship with James Boswell was very important.

Boswell was a diarist and a biographer who befriended Johnson in 1763. They traveled together to Scotland. Boswell later wrote "The Life of Samuel Johnson" in 1791. This book is considered one of the most famous works of biographical art. It provided the detailed observations needed to understand Johnson's unique mannerisms. Boswell's writing helped preserve Johnson's legacy for future generations.

Johnson's influence continues to reach into the modern era.

Samuel Johnson Statue
Samuel Johnson Statue

His methods influenced 20th-century literary theory. This theory focuses heavily on the specific language used in literature. He also changed the way researchers approach the field of biography. Johnson died on 13 December 1784, at the age of 75. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. His life remains a vital part of English cultural history.

565 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Johnson house Lichfield.jpg
Johnson house Lichfield.jpg
File:Pembroke Lodge.jpg
Pembroke Lodge.jpg
File:Mrs. Samuel Johnson (by Vereist).jpg
Mrs. Samuel Johnson (by Vereist).jpg
File:Edial Hall School.jpg
Edial Hall School.jpg
File:Johnson London 01.jpg
Johnson London 01.jpg
File:EMWardDrJohnson.jpg
EMWardDrJohnson.jpg
File:Samuel Johnson by John Opie.jpg
Samuel Johnson by John Opie.jpg
File:George Willison - James Boswell, 1740 - 1795. Diarist and biographer of Dr Samuel Johnson - Google Art Project.jpg
George Willison - James Boswell, 1740 -...
File:Portrait of Samuel Johnson ("Blinking Sam").jpg
Portrait of Samuel Johnson ("Blinking Sam").jpg
File:Hester Thrale.jpg
Hester Thrale.jpg
File:Apollo and the muses, inflicting penance on Dr Pomposo, round Parnassus' (Samuel Johnson) by James Gillray.jpg
Apollo and the muses, inflicting penance...
File:Portrait of Samuel Johnson, L.L.D (4673326).jpg
Portrait of Samuel Johnson, L.L.D (4673326).jpg

+ 3 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.